利用LFS SVN20090601打造一個強大的WEB伺服器
很久沒來CU發帖了，最近因為工作需要加上個人興趣，重做了一次LFS，這次利用SVN20090601最新版本，從頭編譯。
宿主系統是UBUNTU9伺服器版，基本系統編譯完成之後，加上了一些自己的設置，另外，加入了BLFS裡面的一些軟體包，例如：openssl，openssh，wget，unzip，以及一些常用工具命令，最主要的，是在此基礎上，利用nginx/0.7.59，用FAST-CGI的方式，部署一個高性能的web伺服器！
以下分享一下整個編譯過程（這個過程根據人品好壞，需要花費的時間也不盡相同:em30: ，不過一般至少需要花費2-3天以上。）
革命尚未成功，就不要放棄哦，哈哈！
ubuntu9 Server，用163的升級鏡像apt-get upgrade一下。安裝LAMP伺服器，因為我本身要在宿主系統上做php測試。
先安裝個gd支持，嘿嘿。
apt-get install php5-gd
安裝編譯lfs必須的工具
apt-get install diff gawk glibc m4 make texinfo autoconf g++ gcc bison gawk
mkdir /opt/work && cd /opt/work
///////////////// 檢查環境 /////////////////
cat > version-check.sh << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
export LC_ALL=C
# Simple script to list version numbers of critical development tools
bash --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f2-4
echo "/bin/sh -> `readlink -f /bin/sh`"
echo -n "Binutils: "; ld --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f3-
bison --version | head -n1
if [ -e /usr/bin/yacc ];
then echo "/usr/bin/yacc -> `readlink -f /usr/bin/yacc`";
else echo "yacc not found"; fi
bzip2 --version 2>&1 < /dev/null | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f1,6-
echo -n "Coreutils: "; chown --version | head -n1 | cut -d")" -f2
diff --version | head -n1
find --version | head -n1
gawk --version | head -n1
if [ -e /usr/bin/awk ];
then echo "/usr/bin/awk -> `readlink -f /usr/bin/awk`";
else echo "awk not found"; fi
gcc --version | head -n1
/lib/libc.so.6 | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f1-7
grep --version | head -n1
gzip --version | head -n1
cat /proc/version
m4 --version | head -n1
make --version | head -n1
patch --version | head -n1
echo Perl `perl -V:version`
sed --version | head -n1
tar --version | head -n1
makeinfo --version | head -n1
echo 'main(){}' > dummy.c && gcc -o dummy dummy.c
if [ -x dummy ]; then echo "Compilation OK";
else echo "Compilation failed"; fi
rm -f dummy.c dummy
EOF
bash version-check.sh
export LFS=/mnt/lfs
mkdir -pv $LFS
mount -v -t ext3 /dev/sda3 $LFS
mkdir -v $LFS/sources
chmod -v a+wt $LFS/sources
cd $LFS/sources
下載源碼包
使用一個腳本，多線程下載
#!/bin/sh
if [ -z "$1" -o -z "$2" ]; then
echo "Usage: $0 <destination_dir> <url file>"
exit 1
fi
wget -N -r -nd -P $1 -i $2 -o wget.lfs.log
或者直接下載
wget -i /opt/work/wget-list
echo $LFS
如果路徑不對，則重新設置
export LFS=/mnt/lfs
創建工具鏈路徑
mkdir -v $LFS/tools
建立符號鏈接到宿主系統更目錄
ln -sv $LFS/tools /
為了安全，建立編譯lfs的用戶和組
groupadd lfs
useradd -s /bin/bash -g lfs -m -k /dev/null lfs
設置lfs用戶密碼為「lfs」
passwd lfs
修改tools和sources目錄許可權
chown -v lfs $LFS/tools
chown -v lfs $LFS/sources
為lfs用戶創建一個全新的shell環境
su - lfs
設置lfs的用戶環境
cat > ~/.bash_profile << "EOF"
exec env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' /bin/bash
EOF
cat > ~/.bashrc << "EOF"
set +h
umask 022
LFS=/mnt/lfs
LC_ALL=POSIX
LFS_TGT=$(uname -m)-lfs-linux-gnu
PATH=/tools/bin:/bin:/usr/bin
export LFS LC_ALL LFS_TGT PATH
EOF
命令 exec env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' /bin/bash ，創建新的Bash實例，並保證這個實例的環境是完全乾凈的，除了設置 HOME，TERM，PS1幾個變數以外。這能保證，我們的編譯環境不被主系統中可能存在的環境變數所污染。我們使用的方法不太正規，但能完成任務。要深入地解釋起來，最初的shell是 login(登陸) shell，讀取 .bash_profile文件，而新的shell實例是non-login(非登陸) shell，它只讀取.bashrc文件(隨後創建的那一個).
set +h 關掉bash的 "hash"功能。hash 通常是一個有用的特性，這時 bash 使用 hash 表(哈希表)來記住可執行文件的完整路徑，以避免為了找到同一個文件而進行多次 `PATH' 搜索。然而，我們希望立刻就能使用新安裝的工具。關掉hash功能，那些交互的命令(make,patch, sed,cp 等等)將總是使用新的程序。
把用戶文件創建掩碼(umask)設置為 022，保證新創建的文件和目錄只能被文件的所有者執行寫操作，而能被所有人讀和執行。
LFS 變數自然要設置成你載入 LFS 分區的位置。
LC_ALL 變數控制某些軟體包的本地化，使它們輸出的信息遵守指定國家的規範。當你的主系統glibc版本低於2.2.4時，如果在第五章中把$LC_ALL設置成 "POSIX" 或 "C" 以外的值，當你退出第六章的chroot環境后，要再次進入就會有麻煩。設置成 "POSIX" (或"C"，它們倆是相同的)我們保證在chroot環境中不會出現任何問題。
我們把 /tools/bin 附加到標準路徑前面，是為了在安裝過程中，總是能用到已經安裝了的臨時工具。
CC, CXX, CPP, LD_LIBRARY_PATH 和 LD_PRELOAD 環境變數都有可能破壞我們的第五章工具鏈，因此這裡取消它們的設置，以預防可能的問題。
下面source剛才準備的用戶配置文件，準備開始編譯臨時工具鏈。
source ~/.bash_profile
cd $LFS/sources
開始編譯工具鏈！先檢查一下$LFS環境變數。
echo $LFS
5.4. 編譯binutils-2.19.1
----------------------------------------------
tar -jxvf binutils-2.19.1.tar.bz2
cd binutils-2.19.1
mkdir -v ../binutils-build
cd ../binutils-build
../binutils-2.19.1/configure --target=$LFS_TGT --prefix=/tools --disable-nls --disable-werror
--target=$LFS_TGT: 因為LFS_TGT變數裡面的機器描述和config.guess腳本返回的的稍微不同，這個開關告訴configure腳本來修正binutils構建交叉工具鏈。
--prefix=/tools: 準備把Binutils程序安裝到/tools目錄。
--disable-nls: 這個參數禁止了國際化(通常簡稱i18n)。我們的靜態程序不需要國際化的特性，並且在靜態連接時nls常常引起錯誤。
--disable-werror: 避免當宿主系統編譯器出現警告信息時導致編譯停止。
編譯
make
如果宿主系統是64位，創建一條鏈接，以保證工具鏈的穩健
case $(uname -m) in
x86_64) mkdir -v /tools/lib && ln -sv lib /tools/lib64 ;;
esac
安裝binutils包
make install
5.5. 編譯GCC-4.4.0
----------------------------------------------
另開一個終端，用root先行編譯gmp和mpfr到宿主系統，因為gcc4.4依賴這兩個東東！
../gcc-4.4.0/configure \
--target=$LFS_TGT --prefix=/tools \
--disable-nls --disable-shared --disable-multilib \
--disable-decimal-float --disable-threads \
--disable-libmudflap --disable-libssp \
--disable-libgomp --enable-languages=c
因為Glibc編譯的時候依賴libgcc_eh.a這個庫，所以需要建個軟鏈接。
ln -vs libgcc.a `$LFS_TGT-gcc -print-libgcc-file-name | sed 's/libgcc/&_eh/'`
`/mnt/lfs/tools/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-lfs-linux-gnu/4.4.0/libgcc_eh.a' -> `libgcc.a'
也就是增加一個軟鏈接
/mnt/lfs/tools/lib/gcc/i686-lfs-linux-gnu/4.4.0/libgcc_eh.a到相同目錄下的libgcc.a
5.6. 編譯Linux-2.6.29.4頭文件
----------------------------------------------
Linux內核需要提供一些API給Glibc使用。
tar -jxvf tar/linux-2.6.29.4.tar.bz2
cd linux-2.6.29.4/
make mrproper
make headers_check
make INSTALL_HDR_PATH=dest headers_install
cp -rv dest/include/* /tools/include
5.7. Glibc-2.10.1
----------------------------------------------
tar -jxvf tar/glibc-2.10.1.tar.bz2
cd glibc-2.10.1/
mkdir -v ../glibc-build
cd ../glibc-build
../glibc-2.10.1/configure --prefix=/tools \
--host=$LFS_TGT --build=$(../glibc-2.10.1/scripts/config.guess) \
--disable-profile --enable-add-ons \
--enable-kernel=2.6.0 --with-headers=/tools/include \
libc_cv_forced_unwind=yes libc_cv_c_cleanup=yes
make && make install
5.8. 調整工具鏈
----------------------------------------------
5.9. Binutils-2.19.1 第二遍
----------------------------------------------
mv binutils-build binutils-build-1
cd binutils-2.19.1/
mkdir -v ../binutils-build
cd ../binutils-build
CC="$LFS_TGT-gcc -B/tools/lib/" \
AR=$LFS_TGT-ar RANLIB=$LFS_TGT-ranlib \
../binutils-2.19.1/configure --prefix=/tools \
--disable-nls --with-lib-path=/tools/lib
make && make install
下面還要調整工具鏈，做些準備。
make -C ld clean
make -C ld LIB_PATH=/usr/lib:/lib
cp -v ld/ld-new /tools/bin
-C ld clean 表示清除ld目錄編譯后的文件
make -C ld LIB_PATH=/usr/lib:/lib 表示使用新的lib路徑，重新編譯ld目錄的代碼。
5.10. GCC-4.4.0 第二遍
----------------------------------------------
cd gcc-4.4.0/
patch -Np1 -i ../patch/gcc-4.4.0-startfiles_fix-1.patch
patching file gcc/gcc.c
Hunk #1 succeeded at 6467 (offset 97 lines).
cp -v gcc/Makefile.in{,.orig}
sed 's@\./fixinc\.sh@-c true@' gcc/Makefile.in.orig > gcc/Makefile.in
cp -v gcc/Makefile.in{,.tmp}
sed 's/^XCFLAGS =$/& -fomit-frame-pointer/' gcc/Makefile.in.tmp \
> gcc/Makefile.in
for file in \
$(find gcc/config -name linux64.h -o -name linux.h -o -name sysv4.h)
do
cp -uv $file{,.orig}
sed -e 's@/lib\(64\)\?\(32\)\?/ld@/tools&@g' \
-e 's@/usr@/tools@g' $file.orig > $file
echo '
#undef STANDARD_INCLUDE_DIR
#define STANDARD_INCLUDE_DIR 0
#define STANDARD_STARTFILE_PREFIX_1 ""
#define STANDARD_STARTFILE_PREFIX_2 ""' >> $file
touch $file.orig
done
準備mpfr-2.4.1和gmp-4.3.1目錄。
tar -jxvf ../tar/mpfr-2.4.1.tar.bz2
mv -v mpfr-2.4.1 mpfr
tar -jxvf ../tar/gmp-4.3.1.tar.bz2
mv gmp-4.3.1 gmp
保存gcc第一次編譯的目錄
move -v ../gcc-build ../gcc-build-1
新建一個gcc編譯目錄
mkdir -v ../gcc-build
cd ../gcc-build
這次編譯gcc之前，先重設所有變數，替換默認值。
CC="$LFS_TGT-gcc -B/tools/lib/" \
AR=$LFS_TGT-ar RANLIB=$LFS_TGT-ranlib \
../gcc-4.4.0/configure --prefix=/tools \
--with-local-prefix=/tools --enable-clocale=gnu \
--enable-shared --enable-threads=posix \
--enable-__cxa_atexit --enable-languages=c,c++ \
--disable-libstdcxx-pch --disable-multilib \
--disable-bootstrap
make && make install
為了兼容使用cc命令，做個軟鏈接
ln -vs gcc /tools/bin/cc
檢測一下工具鏈是不是已經換過來了：
echo 'main(){}' > dummy.c
cc dummy.c
readelf -l a.out | grep ': /tools'
如果沒問題，會有下面的輸出
[Requesting program interpreter:
/tools/lib/ld-linux.so.2]
刪掉剛剛的調試文件：
rm -v dummy.c a.out
5.11. Tcl-8.5.7
----------------------------------------------
tar -zxvf tar/tcl8.5.7-src.tar.gz
cd tcl8.5.7/
cd unix
./configure --prefix=/tools
make
TZ=UTC make test
make install
令以安裝的共享庫可寫，以便調試標記以後能夠被移除。
chmod -v u+w /tools/lib/libtcl8.5.so
安裝tcl頭文件，下一個包expect需要它們來編譯。
make install-private-headers
再做一個必要的符號鏈接
ln -sv tclsh8.5 /tools/bin/tclsh
5.12. Expect-5.43.0
----------------------------------------------
cd $LFS/sources
tar -zxvf tar/expect-5.43.0.tar.gz
cd expect-5.43/
首先，打個補丁，否則會導致gcc測試單元失敗。
patch -Np1 -i ../patch/expect-5.43.0-spawn-1.patch
再修復一個漏洞，是針對tcl最近修改的。
patch -Np1 -i ../patch/expect-5.43.0-tcl_8.5.5_fix-1.patch
接下來，強制要求configure腳本使用/bin/stty替代/usr/local/bin/stty,因為它存在於宿主系統。
確保我們的測試單元工具到最後的工具鏈編譯還是健全的。
準備Expect的編譯
./configure --prefix=/tools --with-tcl=/tools/lib \
--with-tclinclude=/tools/include --with-x=no
make
make test
註：眾所周知，Expect測試單元在某種宿主狀態下通常可能失敗，這不在我們的控制範圍。
因此，這裡的測試單元失敗，不用感到吃驚，也不是什麼關鍵問題。
make SCRIPTS="" install
libexpect-5.43.a 提供函數，使得Expect能夠被當作Tcl的擴展，或者讓Expect基於c/c++直接使用。
5.13. DejaGNU-1.4.4
----------------------------------------------
cd $LFS/sources
tar -zxvf tar/dejagnu-1.4.4.tar.gz
cd dejagnu-1.4.4/
./configure --prefix=/tools
make install
測試
make check
5.14. Ncurses-5.7
----------------------------------------------
cd $LFS/sources
tar -zxvf tar/ncurses-5.7.tar.gz
./configure --prefix=/tools --with-shared \
--without-debug --without-ada --enable-overwrite
--without-ada 確保Ncurses不會編譯對Ada編譯器的支持。
因為它存在宿主系統上，但一旦我們進入chroot環境就不可用了。
--enable-overwrite 告訴Ncurses安裝他的頭文件到/tools/include，替換/tools/include/ncurses。
確保其他包能夠順利找到Ncurses的頭文件。
make
make install
5.15. Bash-4.0
----------------------------------------------
cd $LFS/sources
tar -zxvf tar/bash-4.0.tar.gz
cd bash-4.0/
打補丁，bash4出來之後發現的一些問題
patch -Np1 -i ../patch/bash-4.0-fixes-2.patch
./configure --prefix=/tools --without-bash-malloc
make
make tests
make install
ln -vs bash /tools/bin/sh
5.16. Bzip2-1.0.5
----------------------------------------------
cd $LFS/sources
tar -zxvf tar/bzip2-1.0.5.tar.gz
cd bzip2-1.0.5/
make
make PREFIX=/tools install
5.17. Coreutils-7.4
---------------------------------------------
cd $LFS/sources
tar -zxvf tar/coreutils-7.4.tar.gz
cd coreutils-7.4/
./configure --prefix=/tools --enable-install-program=hostname
make
make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check
make install
cp -v src/su /tools/bin/su-tools
5.18. Diffutils-2.8.1
---------------------------------------------
cd $LFS/sources
tar -zxvf tar/diffutils-2.8.1.tar.gz
cd diffutils-2.8.1/
./configure --prefix=/tools
make && make install
5.19. E2fsprogs-1.41.5
---------------------------------------------
cd $LFS/sources
tar -zxvf tar/e2fsprogs-1.41.5.tar.gz
cd e2fsprogs-1.41.5/
mkdir -v build
cd build
../configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install-libs
chmod -v u+w \
/tools/lib/{libblkid,libcom_err,libe2p,libext2fs,libss,libuuid}.a
5.20. Findutils-4.4.1
---------------------------------------------
cd $LFS/sources
tar -zxvf tar/findutils-4.4.1.tar.gz
cd findutils-4.4.1/
./configure --prefix=/tools
make
make check
make install
5.21. Gawk-3.1.6
---------------------------------------------
cd $LFS/sources
tar -jxvf tar/gawk-3.1.6.tar.bz2
cd gawk-3.1.6/
./configure --prefix=/tools ac_cv_func_working_mktime=yes
make
make check
make install
5.22. Gettext-0.17
---------------------------------------------
cd $LFS/sources
tar -zxvf tar/gettext-0.17.tar.gz
cd gettext-0.17/
cd gettext-tools
./configure --prefix=/tools --disable-shared
make -C gnulib-lib
make -C src msgfmt
cp -v src/msgfmt /tools/bin
5.23. Grep-2.5.4
---------------------------------------------
cd $LFS/sources
tar -jxvf tar/grep-2.5.4.tar.bz2
cd grep-2.5.4/
./configure --prefix=/tools \
--disable-perl-regexp \
--without-included-regex
make
make check
make install
5.24. Gzip-1.3.12
---------------------------------------------
cd $LFS/sources
tar -zxvf tar/gzip-1.3.12.tar.gz
cd gzip-1.3.12/
for file in gzip.c lib/utimens.{c,h} ; do \
cp -v $file{,.orig}
sed 's/futimens/gl_&/' $file.orig > $file
done
./configure --prefix=/tools
make
make check
make install
5.25. M4-1.4.13
---------------------------------------------
cd $LFS/sources
tar -jxvf tar/m4-1.4.13.tar.bz2
cd m4-1.4.13/
./configure --prefix=/tools
make
make check
make install
5.26. Make-3.81
---------------------------------------------
cd $LFS/sources
tar -jxvf tar/make-3.81.tar.bz2
cd make-3.81/
./configure --prefix=/tools
make
make check
make install
5.27. Patch-2.5.9
---------------------------------------------
cd $LFS/sources
tar -zxvf tar/patch-2.5.9.tar.gz
cd patch-2.5.9/
patch -Np1 -i ../patch/patch-2.5.9-fixes-1.patch
./configure --prefix=/tools
make
make install
5.28. Perl-5.10.0
---------------------------------------------
cd $LFS/sources
tar -zxvf tar/perl-5.10.0.tar.gz
cd perl-5.10.0/
patch -Np1 -i ../patch/perl-5.10.0-consolidated-1.patch
sh Configure -des -Dprefix=/tools \
-Dstatic_ext='Data/Dumper Fcntl IO POSIX'
make perl utilities ext/Errno/pm_to_blib
cp -v perl pod/pod2man /tools/bin
mkdir -pv /tools/lib/perl5/5.10.0
cp -Rv lib/* /tools/lib/perl5/5.10.0
5.29. Sed-4.2
---------------------------------------------
cd $LFS/sources
tar -jxvf tar/sed-4.2.tar.bz2
cd sed-4.2/
./configure --prefix=/tools
make
make check
make install
5.30. Tar-1.22
---------------------------------------------
cd $LFS/sources
tar -jxvf tar/tar-1.22.tar.bz2
cd tar-1.22/
./configure --prefix=/tools
make
make check
make install
5.31. Texinfo-4.13a
---------------------------------------------
cd $LFS/sources
tar -zxvf tar/texinfo-4.13a.tar.gz
cd texinfo-4.13/
./configure --prefix=/tools
make
make check
make install
5.32. Util-linux-ng-2.14.2
---------------------------------------------
cd $LFS/sources
tar -jxvf tar/util-linux-ng-2.14.2.tar.bz2
cd util-linux-ng-2.14.2/
./configure --prefix=/tools
make -C disk-utils mkswap
make -C mount mount umount
make -C text-utils more
cp -v disk-utils/mkswap mount/{,u}mount text-utils/more /tools/bin
5.33. Stripping
---------------------------------------------
strip --strip-debug /tools/lib/*
strip --strip-unneeded /tools/{,s}bin/*
rm -rf /tools/{info,man}
5.34. Changing Ownership
---------------------------------------------
exit
退出lfs用戶shell環境
更改tools工具鏈的所有權為root，以免將來工具鏈被惡意提升許可權。
chown -R root:root $LFS/tools
tools在lfs編譯完成後可以被刪除，但還是可以用來編譯相同版本的lfs程序
如何保存工具鏈，全憑個人愛好！
《解決方案》
繼續,LFS第六章
構建LFS系統
6.1. 盡量簡單的編譯一個LFS系統雛形，盡量不要使用編譯器優化參數，因為這帶來的速度提升幾乎可以忽略不計，但帶來的壞處，可能導致程序運行不穩定。不要同時編譯幾個包，因為這樣可能產生硬鏈接到/tools，如果tools目錄被刪除，可能會出現問題。
6.2. 準備虛擬內核文件系統
export LFS=/mnt/lfs
mkdir -pv $LFS/{dev,proc,sys}
建立初始設備節點（console和null設備）
mknod -m 600 $LFS/dev/console c 5 1
mknod -m 666 $LFS/dev/null c 1 3
掛載並綁定設備目錄
mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev
掛載虛擬內核文件系統
mount -vt devpts devpts $LFS/dev/pts
mount -vt tmpfs shm $LFS/dev/shm
mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
6.3. 包管理
集中流行的包管理思想，LFS不提供包管理系統
6.4. 進入Chroot環境
chroot "$LFS" /tools/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root TERM="$TERM" PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/tools/bin \
/tools/bin/bash --login +h
用env -i 表示清空所有環境變數，只重設後面的幾個。在這裡也可以設置CFLAGS或者CXXFLAGS
進入chroot環境后，由於還沒建立/etc/passwd 文件，所以shell提示符前面為：
I have no name!:/#
到了這點上面，$LFS變數就可以不管了，因為接下來所有的工作都被限制在LFS文件系統裡面了。
Bash已經把$LFS當作root (/) 目錄來處理了。
6.5. 增加目錄
增加文件結構
mkdir -pv /{bin,boot,etc/opt,home,lib,mnt,opt}
mkdir -pv /{media/{floppy,cdrom},sbin,srv,var}
install -dv -m 0750 /root
install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{doc,info,locale,man}
mkdir -v /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
for dir in /usr /usr/local; do
ln -sv share/{man,doc,info} $dir
done
case $(uname -m) in
x86_64) ln -sv lib /lib64 && ln -sv lib /usr/lib64 ;;
esac
mkdir -v /var/{lock,log,mail,run,spool}
mkdir -pv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{misc,locate},local}
以上文件夾結構，遵循Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)
http://www.pathname.com/fhs/
6.6. 增加必要的文件和軟鏈接
ln -sv /tools/bin/{bash,cat,echo,pwd,stty} /bin
ln -sv /tools/bin/perl /usr/bin
ln -sv /tools/lib/libgcc_s.so{,.1} /usr/lib
ln -sv /tools/lib/libstdc++.so{,.6} /usr/lib
ln -sv bash /bin/sh
touch /etc/mtab
cat > /etc/passwd << "EOF"
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/dev/null:/bin/false
nobody:x:99:99:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/bin/false
EOF
cat > /etc/group << "EOF"
root:x:0:
bin:x:1:
sys:x:2:
kmem:x:3:
tty:x:4:
tape:x:5:
daemon:x:6:
floppy:x:7:
disk:x:8:
lp:x:9:
dialout:x:10:
audio:x:11:
video:x:12:
utmp:x:13:
usb:x:14:
cdrom:x:15:
mail:x:34:
nogroup:x:99:
EOF
完整的glibc安裝好之後，passwd和group文件已經建立，現在用戶名和組可以生效了。
exec /tools/bin/bash --login +h
使用+h參數，屏蔽bash的內部路徑哈希。避免bash使用舊的文件路徑，能夠保證新編譯的代碼馬上可以被利用。
建立一些空文件並賦予它們寫許可權，以便login, agetty, init以及其他一些程序能夠記錄系統日誌及登陸信息
touch /var/run/utmp /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp}
chgrp -v utmp /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog
chmod -v 664 /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog
註：
/var/run/utmp 記錄已經登陸的用戶信息， /var/log/wtmp 記錄所有登陸及註銷信息，
/var/log/lastlog 記錄每個用戶的最後登陸時間， /var/log/btmp 記錄登陸失敗信息。
6.7. Linux-2.6.29.4 API Headers
cd /sources
cd linux-2.6.29.4/
make mrproper
make headers_check
make INSTALL_HDR_PATH=dest headers_install
cp -rv dest/include/* /usr/include
6.8. Man-pages-3.21
cd /sources
tar -jxvf tar/man-pages-3.21.tar.bz2
cd man-pages-3.21/
make install
6.9. Glibc-2.10.1
cd /sources/glibc-2.10.1/
tar -jxvf ../tar/glibc-libidn-2.10.1.tar.bz2
mv glibc-libidn-2.10.1 libidn
當執行glibc的make install的時候，會調用一個perl腳本進行測試，
現在的工具鏈還是指向/tools，測試會針對以前編譯的glibc，
以下腳本可以讓測試指向剛剛編譯的glibc
DL=$(readelf -l /bin/sh | sed -n 's@.*interpret.*/tools\(.*\)]$@\1@p')
sed -i "s|libs -o|libs -L/usr/lib -Wl,-dynamic-linker=$DL -o|" \
scripts/test-installation.pl
unset DL
ldd命令自帶了bash的特殊語法，為了避免其他的/bin/sh對ldd的影響，
最好把默認解釋器改成/bin/bash，關於這個鳥問題，在BLFS 這本破書的shell章節中也提到了
sed -i 's|@BASH@|/bin/bash|' elf/ldd.bash.in
修復一個make check可能出現的錯誤
sed -i s/utf8/UTF-8/ libio/tst-fgetwc.c
sed -i '/tst-fgetws-ENV/ a\
tst-fgetwc-ENV = LOCPATH=$(common-objpfx)localedata' libio/Makefile
mkdir -v ../glibc-build
cd ../glibc-build
為x86機器增加必要的CFLAGS編譯參數，-pipe加速編譯，-O3提高程序的性能。
case `uname -m` in
i?86) echo "CFLAGS += -march=i686 -mtune=native -O3 -pipe" > configparms ;;
esac
準備編譯
../glibc-2.10.1/configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-profile --enable-add-ons \
--enable-kernel=2.6.0 --libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc
開始編譯，等N久！
make
為防止編譯測試的幾個失敗可能，從源碼目錄拷貝一個東東。
cp -v ../glibc-2.10.1/iconvdata/gconv-modules iconvdata
make -k check 2>&1 | tee glibc-check-log
grep Error glibc-check-log
在測試posix/annexc的時候，有一個可忽略的錯誤。
這和宿主系統有關，這裡不用理它。
雖然無關緊要，為了防止glibc安裝階段報錯缺少說ld.so.conf，還是touch一個吧
touch /etc/ld.so.conf
make install
定義locale集合
mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030
其實這裡我只要三個就可以了
localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030
安裝其他沒有執行localedef定義的語言包（可選）
make localedata/install-locales
配置glibc
儘管當nsswitch.conf不存在或非法時，Glibc會默認產生，但在網路環境下，可能不是很理想。
所以還是創建一個吧，另外，時區也應該配置了。
cat > /etc/nsswitch.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
passwd: files
group: files
shadow: files
hosts: files dns
networks: files
protocols: files
services: files
ethers: files
rpc: files
# End /etc/nsswitch.conf
EOF
選擇時區
tzselect
這裡最後應該是 TZ='Asia/Shanghai';
增加/etc/localtime
cp -v --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai \
/etc/localtime
配置動態載入
cat > /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
/usr/local/lib
/opt/lib
# End /etc/ld.so.conf
EOF
6.10. 重新調整工具鏈
先備份，然後用第五章裡面調整過的工具鏈替換。
mv -v /tools/bin/{ld,ld-old}
mv -v /tools/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/bin/{ld,ld-old}
mv -v /tools/bin/{ld-new,ld}
ln -sv /tools/bin/ld /tools/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/bin/ld
接下來，調整gcc的spec文件，以便指向新的動態鏈接庫。
gcc -dumpspecs | sed -e 's@/tools@@g' \
-e '/\*startfile_prefix_spec:/{n;s@.*@/usr/lib/ @}' \
-e '/\*cpp:/{n;s@$@ -isystem /usr/include@}' > \
`dirname $(gcc --print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs
最好仔細檢查一下specs文件是不是真的修改了。
測試一下新的工具鏈
echo 'main(){}' > dummy.c
cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log
readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib'
應該出現以下提示
grep -o '/usr/lib.*/crt.*succeeded' dummy.log
應該出現
/usr/lib/crt1.o succeeded
/usr/lib/crti.o succeeded
/usr/lib/crtn.o succeeded
確保編譯器使用了正確的頭文件
grep -B1 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log
應該輸出
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/include
再看看新的編譯器是否使用了正確的查找路徑
grep 'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\n|g'
應該輸出
SEARCH_DIR("/tools/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib")
SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib")
SEARCH_DIR("/lib");
再檢查是不是使用了正確的libc
grep "/lib.*/libc.so.6 " dummy.log
應該輸出
attempt to open /lib/libc.so.6 succeeded
最後一點，確認gcc使用了正確的動態鏈接器
grep found dummy.log
應該輸出
found ld-linux.so.2 at /lib/ld-linux.so.2
如果一切都沒問題，那麼清楚測試文件
rm -v dummy.c a.out dummy.log
6.11. Zlib-1.2.3
cd /sources
tar -xvf tar/zlib-1.2.3.tar.bz2
cd zlib-1.2.3/
./configure --prefix=/usr --shared --libdir=/lib
make
make check
make install
剛才的命令安裝了一個.so文件在/lib目錄，我們將它移動並重新鏈接到/usr/lib
rm -v /lib/libz.so
ln -sfv ../../lib/libz.so.1.2.3 /usr/lib/libz.so
編譯靜態鏈接庫
make clean
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make check
make install
修正靜態鏈接庫的許可權
chmod -v 644 /usr/lib/libz.a
6.12. Binutils-2.19.1
cd /sources/binutils-2.19.1/
驗證新的chroot環境內，PTYs工作是否正常
expect -c "spawn ls"
正常應該輸出
spawn ls
rm -fv etc/standards.info
sed -i.bak '/^INFO/s/standards.info //' etc/Makefile.in
sed -i -e 's/getline/get_line/' libiberty/testsuite/test-demangle.c
mkdir -v ../binutils-build
cd ../binutils-build
../binutils-2.19.1/configure --prefix=/usr \
--enable-shared
make tooldir=/usr
make check
make tooldir=/usr install
cp -v ../binutils-2.19.1/include/libiberty.h /usr/include
6.13. GMP-4.3.1
cd /sources
tar -xvf tar/gmp-4.3.1.tar.bz2
cd gmp-4.3.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-cxx --enable-mpbsd
make
make check 2>&1 | tee gmp-check-log
awk '/tests passed/{total+=$2} ; END{print total}' gmp-check-log
make install
mkdir -v /usr/share/doc/gmp-4.3.1
cp -v doc/{isa_abi_headache,configuration} doc/*.html \
/usr/share/doc/gmp-4.3.1
6.14. MPFR-2.4.1
cd /sources
tar -xvf tar/mpfr-2.4.1.tar.bz2
cd mpfr-2.4.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-thread-safe
make
make check
make install
安裝幫助文檔
make html
mkdir -p /usr/share/doc/mpfr-2.4.1
find . -name \*.html -type f -exec cp -v \{} /usr/share/doc/mpfr-2.4.1 \;
6.15. GCC-4.4.0 （第三次編譯gcc-4.4.0）
為了防止重複修改源碼導致編譯出錯，刪除以前的源碼目錄，重新弄一個！
rm -rf /sources/gcc-4.4.0/
cd /sources
tar -jxvf tar/gcc-4.4.0.tar.bz2
cd gcc-4.4.0
sed -i 's/install_to_$(INSTALL_DEST) //' libiberty/Makefile.in
在5.1.0 gcc4 第二遍的時候
case `uname -m` in
i?86) sed -i 's/^XCFLAGS =$/& -fomit-frame-pointer/' \
gcc/Makefile.in ;;
esac
這裡也要做一次，呵呵。
sed -i 's@\./fixinc\.sh@-c true@' gcc/Makefile.in
mkdir -v ../gcc-build
cd ../gcc-build
../gcc-4.4.0/configure --prefix=/usr \
--libexecdir=/usr/lib --enable-shared \
--enable-threads=posix --enable-__cxa_atexit \
--enable-clocale=gnu --enable-languages=c,c++ \
--disable-multilib --disable-bootstrap
make
make -k check
../gcc-4.4.0/contrib/test_summary
make install
兼容鏈接
ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib
ln -sv gcc /usr/bin/cc
測試工具鏈
echo 'main(){}' > dummy.c
cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log
readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib'
正確輸出
grep -o '/usr/lib.*/crt.*succeeded' dummy.log
正確輸出
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.4.0/../../../crt1.o succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.4.0/../../../crti.o succeeded
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.4.0/../../../crtn.o succeeded
檢查是否調用正確的頭文件
grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log
正確應該有以下輸出
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/local/include
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.4.0/include
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/4.4.0/include-fixed
/usr/include
檢查搜索路徑是否正確
grep 'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\n|g'
正常會輸出
SEARCH_DIR("/usr/i686-pc-linux-gnu/lib")
SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");
64位系統會輸出
SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib64")
SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib64")
SEARCH_DIR("/lib64")
SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib64")
SEARCH_DIR("/usr/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib")
SEARCH_DIR("/usr/local/lib")
SEARCH_DIR("/lib")
SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib");
檢查libc調用
grep "/lib.*/libc.so.6 " dummy.log
正確輸出
attempt to open /lib/libc.so.6 succeeded
檢查動態鏈接庫
grep found dummy.log
正確輸出
found ld-linux.so.2 at /lib/ld-linux.so.2
刪除測試文件
rm -v dummy.c a.out dummy.log
6.16. Berkeley DB-4.7.25
cd /sources/
tar -xvf tar/db-4.7.25.tar.gz
cd db-4.7.25/
patch -Np1 -i ../patch/db-4.7.25-upstream_fixes-1.patch
cd build_unix
../dist/configure --prefix=/usr --enable-compat185 --enable-cxx
make
make docdir=/usr/share/doc/db-4.7.25 install
修復文檔的所有權
chown -Rv root:root /usr/share/doc/db-4.7.25
6.17. Sed-4.2
cd /sources/
rm -rf sed-4.2/
tar -xvf tar/sed-4.2.tar.bz2
cd sed-4.2/
./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin --enable-html
make
make check
make install
6.18. E2fsprogs-1.41.5
sed -i 's@/bin/rm@/tools&@' lib/blkid/test_probe.in
mkdir -v build
cd build
../configure --prefix=/usr --with-root-prefix="" \
--enable-elf-shlibs
make
make check
make install
make install-libs
chmod -v u+w /usr/lib/{libblkid,libcom_err,libe2p,libext2fs,libss,libuuid}.a
gunzip -v /usr/share/info/libext2fs.info.gz
install-info --dir-file=/usr/share/info/dir \
/usr/share/info/libext2fs.info
makeinfo -o doc/com_err.info ../lib/et/com_err.texinfo
install -v -m644 doc/com_err.info /usr/share/info
install-info --dir-file=/usr/share/info/dir \
/usr/share/info/com_err.info
install -v -m644 -D ../doc/libblkid.txt \
/usr/share/doc/e2fsprogs-1.41.5/libblkid.txt
6.19. Coreutils-7.4
Intel硬體系統裡面，當使用uname -p參數時，經常返回unknown，下面打個補丁。
case `uname -m` in
i?86 | x86_64) patch -Np1 -i ../patch/coreutils-7.4-uname-1.patch ;;
esac
POSIX標準需要coreutils程序識別多位元組語言的字元邊界效驗。
patch -Np1 -i ../patch/coreutils-7.4-i18n-1.patch
準備編譯
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime
make
make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root
準備用nobody用戶完成下面的測試，這裡建立一個臨時組，將nobody加入這個組，進行測試
echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" >> /etc/group
修正許可權
chown -Rv nobody config.log {gnulib-tests,lib,src}/.deps
用nobody用戶運行測試程序
su-tools nobody -s /bin/bash -c "make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check" || true
刪除臨時組
sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group
安裝coreutils包
make install
將下面的命令移動到基於FHS的路徑
mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
LFS-Bootscripts包里的某些腳本，依賴於head,sleep和nice
/usr目錄在系統啟動初期可能不可用，這些二進位文件需要放在root分區
mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice} /bin
6.20. Iana-Etc-2.30
cd /sources/
tar -xvf tar/iana-etc-2.30.tar.bz2
cd iana-etc-2.30/
make && make install
6.21. M4-1.4.13
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make check
make install
6.22. Bison-2.4.1
tar -xvf tar/bison-2.4.1.tar.bz2
cd bison-2.4.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr
echo '#define YYENABLE_NLS 1' >> config.h
make
make check
make install
6.23. Ncurses-5.7
./configure --prefix=/usr --with-shared --without-debug --enable-widec
make
make install
mv -v /usr/lib/libncursesw.so.5* /lib
ln -sfv ../../lib/libncursesw.so.5 /usr/lib/libncursesw.so
for lib in ncurses form panel menu ; do \
rm -vf /usr/lib/lib${lib}.so ; \
echo "INPUT(-l${lib}w)" >/usr/lib/lib${lib}.so ; \
ln -sfv lib${lib}w.a /usr/lib/lib${lib}.a ; \
done
ln -sfv libncurses++w.a /usr/lib/libncurses++.a
rm -vf /usr/lib/libcursesw.so
echo "INPUT(-lncursesw)" >/usr/lib/libcursesw.so
ln -sfv libncurses.so /usr/lib/libcurses.so
ln -sfv libncursesw.a /usr/lib/libcursesw.a
ln -sfv libncurses.a /usr/lib/libcurses.a
mkdir -v /usr/share/doc/ncurses-5.7
cp -v -R doc/* /usr/share/doc/ncurses-5.7
Note
The instructions above don't create non-wide-character Ncurses libraries since no package installed by compiling from sources would link against them at runtime. If you must have such libraries because of some binary-only application, build them with the following commands:
make distclean
./configure --prefix=/usr --with-shared --without-normal \
--without-debug --without-cxx-binding
make sources libs
cp -av lib/lib*.so.5* /usr/lib
6.24. Procps-3.2.8
patch -Np1 -i ../patch/procps-3.2.8-watch_unicode-1.patch
make
make install
6.25. Grep-2.5.4
patch -Np1 -i ../patch/grep-2.5.4-debian_fixes-1.patch
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--bindir=/bin \
--without-included-regex
make
make check || true
make install
6.26. Readline-6.0
sed -i '/MV.*old/d' Makefile.in
sed -i '/{OLDSUFF}/c:' support/shlib-install
./configure --prefix=/usr --libdir=/lib
make SHLIB_LIBS=-lncurses
make install
mv -v /lib/lib{readline,history}.a /usr/lib
rm -v /lib/lib{readline,history}.so
ln -sfv ../../lib/libreadline.so.6 /usr/lib/libreadline.so
ln -sfv ../../lib/libhistory.so.6 /usr/lib/libhistory.so
mkdir -v /usr/share/doc/readline-6.0
install -v -m644 doc/*.{ps,pdf,html,dvi} \
/usr/share/doc/readline-6.0
6.27. Bash-4.0
patch -Np1 -i ../patch/bash-4.0-fixes-2.patch
./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin \
--htmldir=/usr/share/doc/bash-4.0 --without-bash-malloc \
--with-installed-readline
make
sed -i 's/LANG/LC_ALL/' tests/intl.tests
sed -i 's@tests@& </dev/tty@' tests/run-test
chown -Rv nobody ./
su-tools nobody -s /bin/bash -c "make tests"
make install
exec /bin/bash --login +h
6.28. Libtool-2.2.6a
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make check
make install
6.29. Inetutils-1.6
patch -Np1 -i ../patch/inetutils-1.6-no_server_man_pages-1.patch
./configure --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/sbin \
--localstatedir=/var --disable-ifconfig \
--disable-logger --disable-syslogd --disable-whois \
--disable-servers
make
make install
mv -v /usr/bin/ping /bin
6.30. Perl-5.10.0
echo "127.0.0.1 localhost $(hostname)" > /etc/hosts
patch -Np1 -i ../patch/perl-5.10.0-consolidated-1.patch
sed -i -e "s|BUILD_ZLIB\s*= True|BUILD_ZLIB = False|" \
-e "s|INCLUDE\s*= ./zlib-src|INCLUDE = /usr/include|" \
-e "s|LIB\s*= ./zlib-src|LIB = /usr/lib|" \
ext/Compress/Raw/Zlib/config.in
sh Configure -des -Dprefix=/usr \
-Dvendorprefix=/usr \
-Dman1dir=/usr/share/man/man1 \
-Dman3dir=/usr/share/man/man3 \
-Dpager="/usr/bin/less -isR"
make
make test
make install
6.31. Autoconf-2.63
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make check
make install
6.32. Automake-1.11
./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/automake-1.11
make
make check
要check好久好久：（
make install
6.33. Bzip2-1.0.5
patch -Np1 -i ../patch/bzip2-1.0.5-install_docs-1.patch
sed -i 's@\(ln -s -f \)$(PREFIX)/bin/@\1@' Makefile
make -f Makefile-libbz2_so
make clean
make
make PREFIX=/usr install
cp -v bzip2-shared /bin/bzip2
cp -av libbz2.so* /lib
ln -sv ../../lib/libbz2.so.1.0 /usr/lib/libbz2.so
rm -v /usr/bin/{bunzip2,bzcat,bzip2}
ln -sv bzip2 /bin/bunzip2
ln -sv bzip2 /bin/bzcat
第六章需要做的工作太多了，下面繼續！
《解決方案》
繼續第六章
6.34. Diffutils-2.8.1
patch -Np1 -i ../patch/diffutils-2.8.1-i18n-1.patch
touch man/diff.1
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
6.35. File-5.00
sed -i -e '197,+1d' \
-e '189,+1d' \
-e 's/token$/tokens/' doc/file.man
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make check
make install
6.36. Gawk-3.1.6
./configure --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/lib \
ac_cv_func_working_mktime=yes
make
make check
make install
mkdir -v /usr/share/doc/gawk-3.1.6
cp -v doc/{awkforai.txt,*.{eps,pdf,jpg}} \
/usr/share/doc/gawk-3.1.6
6.37. GDBM-1.8.3
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
make install-compat
6.38. Findutils-4.4.1
./configure --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/lib/findutils \
--localstatedir=/var/lib/locate
make
make check
make install
mv -v /usr/bin/find /bin
sed -i 's/find:=${BINDIR}/find:=\/bin/' /usr/bin/updatedb
6.39. Flex-2.5.35
patch -Np1 -i ../patch/flex-2.5.35-gcc44-1.patch
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make check
make install
ln -sv libfl.a /usr/lib/libl.a
cat > /usr/bin/lex << "EOF"
#!/bin/sh
# Begin /usr/bin/lex
exec /usr/bin/flex -l "$@"
# End /usr/bin/lex
EOF
chmod -v 755 /usr/bin/lex
mkdir -v /usr/share/doc/flex-2.5.35
cp -v doc/flex.pdf \
/usr/share/doc/flex-2.5.35
6.40. Gettext-0.17
patch -Np1 -i ../patch/gettext-0.17-upstream_fixes-2.patch
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/gettext-0.17
make
make check
make install
6.41. Groff-1.20.1
PAGE=A4 ./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make docdir=/usr/share/doc/groff-1.20.1 install
ln -sv eqn /usr/bin/geqn
ln -sv tbl /usr/bin/gtbl
6.42. Gzip-1.3.12
sed -i 's/futimens/gl_&/' gzip.c lib/utimens.{c,h}
sed -i 's/5 -)/5 - >\&3)/' zdiff.in
./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin
make
make check
make install
mv -v /bin/{gzexe,uncompress,zcmp,zdiff,zegrep} /usr/bin
mv -v /bin/{zfgrep,zforce,zgrep,zless,zmore,znew} /usr/bin
6.43. IPRoute2-2.6.29-1
make DESTDIR=
make DESTDIR= SBINDIR=/sbin MANDIR=/usr/share/man \
DOCDIR=/usr/share/doc/iproute2-2.6.29-1 install
mv -v /sbin/arpd /usr/sbin
6.44. Kbd-1.15
patch -Np1 -i ../patch/kbd-1.15-backspace-1.patch
sed -i -e '1i KEYCODES_PROGS = @KEYCODES_PROGS@' \
-e '1i RESIZECONS_PROGS = @RESIZECONS_PROGS@' src/Makefile.in
var=OPTIONAL_PROGS
sed -i "s/ifdef $var/ifeq (\$($var),yes)/" man/Makefile.in
unset var
./configure --prefix=/usr --datadir=/lib/kbd
make
make install
mv -v /usr/bin/{kbd_mode,loadkeys,openvt,setfont} /bin
mkdir -v /usr/share/doc/kbd-1.15
cp -R -v doc/* \
/usr/share/doc/kbd-1.15
6.45. Less-429
./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc
make
make install
6.46. Make-3.81
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make check
make install
6.47. Man-DB-2.5.5
patch -Np1 -i ../patch/man-db-2.5.5-fix_testsuite-1.patch
./configure --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/lib \
--sysconfdir=/etc --disable-setuid \
--with-browser=/usr/bin/lynx --with-col=/usr/bin/col \
--with-vgrind=/usr/bin/vgrind --with-grap=/usr/bin/grap
make
make check
make install
6.48. Module-Init-Tools-3.8
./configure
make check
make clean
./configure --prefix=/ --enable-zlib --mandir=/usr/share/man
make
make INSTALL=install install
6.49. Patch-2.5.9
patch -Np1 -i ../patch/patch-2.5.9-fixes-1.patch
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
6.50. Psmisc-22.7
./configure --prefix=/usr --exec-prefix=""
make
make install
mv -v /bin/pstree* /usr/bin
ln -sv killall /bin/pidof
6.51. Shadow-4.1.4.1
sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile.in
find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/groups\.1 / /' {} \;
sed -i -e 's/ ko//' -e 's/ zh_CN zh_TW//' man/Makefile.in
sed -i -e 's@#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES@ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5@' \
-e 's@/var/spool/mail@/var/mail@' etc/login.defs
Note
If you chose to build Shadow with Cracklib support, run the following:
sed -i 's@DICTPATH.*@DICTPATH\t/lib/cracklib/pw_dict@' \
etc/login.defs
./configure --sysconfdir=/etc
make
make install
mv -v /usr/bin/passwd /bin
pwconv
grpconv
passwd root
6.52. Sysklogd-1.5
make
make BINDIR=/sbin install
cat > /etc/syslog.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/syslog.conf
auth,authpriv.* -/var/log/auth.log
*.*;auth,authpriv.none -/var/log/sys.log
daemon.* -/var/log/daemon.log
kern.* -/var/log/kern.log
mail.* -/var/log/mail.log
user.* -/var/log/user.log
*.emerg *
# End /etc/syslog.conf
EOF
6.53. Sysvinit-2.86
sed -i 's@Sending processes@& configured via /etc/inittab@g' \
src/init.c
sed -i -e 's/utmpdump wall/utmpdump/' \
-e 's/mountpoint.1 wall.1/mountpoint.1/' src/Makefile
make -C src
make -C src install
cat > /etc/inittab << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/inittab
id:3:initdefault:
si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc sysinit
l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0
l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1
l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2
l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3
l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4
l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5
l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6
ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin
1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty1 9600
2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600
3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600
4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600
5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600
6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600
# End /etc/inittab
EOF
6.54. Tar-1.22
./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin --libexecdir=/usr/sbin
make
make check
make install
6.55. Texinfo-4.13a
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make check
make install
make TEXMF=/usr/share/texmf install-tex
cd /usr/share/info
rm dir
for f in *
do install-info $f dir 2>/dev/null
done
6.56. Udev-142
tar -xvf ../tar/udev-config-20090523.tar.bz2
install -dv /lib/{firmware,udev/devices/{pts,shm}}
mknod -m0666 /lib/udev/devices/null c 1 3
mknod -m0600 /lib/udev/devices/kmsg c 1 11
ln -sv /proc/self/fd /lib/udev/devices/fd
ln -sv /proc/self/fd/0 /lib/udev/devices/stdin
ln -sv /proc/self/fd/1 /lib/udev/devices/stdout
ln -sv /proc/self/fd/2 /lib/udev/devices/stderr
ln -sv /proc/kcore /lib/udev/devices/core
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--exec-prefix= \
--sysconfdir=/etc
make
make install
install -m644 -v rules/packages/64-*.rules \
/lib/udev/rules.d/
install -m644 -v rules/packages/40-pilot-links.rules \
/lib/udev/rules.d/
install -m644 -v rules/packages/40-isdn.rules \
/lib/udev/rules.d/
cd udev-config-20090523
make install
make install-doc
make install-extra-doc
cd ..
install -m644 -v -D docs/writing_udev_rules/index.html \
/usr/share/doc/udev-142/index.html
6.57. Util-linux-ng-2.14.2
sed -e 's@etc/adjtime@var/lib/hwclock/adjtime@g' \
-i $(grep -rl '/etc/adjtime' .)
mkdir -pv /var/lib/hwclock
./configure --enable-arch --enable-partx --enable-write
make
make install
6.58. Vim-7.2
patch -Np1 -i ../patch/vim-7.2-fixes-4.patch
echo '#define SYS_VIMRC_FILE "/etc/vimrc"' >> src/feature.h
./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-multibyte
make
make test
make install
ln -sv vim /usr/bin/vi
for L in /usr/share/man/{,*/}man1/vim.1; do
ln -sv vim.1 $(dirname $L)/vi.1
done
ln -sv ../vim/vim72/doc /usr/share/doc/vim-7.2
cat > /etc/vimrc << "EOF"
" Begin /etc/vimrc
set nocompatible
set backspace=2
syntax on
if (&term == "iterm") || (&term == "putty")
set background=dark
endif
" End /etc/vimrc
EOF
6.59. About Debugging Symbols
調試符號優化
http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/downloads/files/optimization.txt.
6.60. Stripping Again
logout
chroot $LFS /tools/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \
/tools/bin/bash --login
/tools/bin/find /{,usr/}{bin,lib,sbin} -type f \
-exec /tools/bin/strip --strip-debug '{}' ';'
6.61. Cleaning Up
/tools目錄不再需要了，可以刪除。
《解決方案》
工具鏈利用完畢，現在開始進入乾淨的LFS 」臨時「 系統！:em03:
chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root TERM="$TERM" PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \
/bin/bash --login
7.2. LFS-Bootscripts-20090523
tar -xvf tar/lfs-bootscripts-20090523.tar.bz2
cd lfs-bootscripts-20090523/
make install
7.4. Configuring the setclock Script
cat > /etc/sysconfig/clock << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/sysconfig/clock
UTC=1
# Set this to any options you might need to give to hwclock,
# such as machine hardware clock type for Alphas.
CLOCKPARAMS=
# End /etc/sysconfig/clock
EOF
7.5. Configuring the Linux Console
cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/sysconfig/console
#KEYMAP=""
#FONT=""
# End /etc/sysconfig/console
EOF
7.7. Creating the /etc/inputrc File
cat > /etc/inputrc << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/inputrc
# Modified by Chris Lynn <roryo@roryo.dynup.net>
# Allow the command prompt to wrap to the next line
set horizontal-scroll-mode Off
# Enable 8bit input
set meta-flag On
set input-meta On
# Turns off 8th bit stripping
set convert-meta Off
# Keep the 8th bit for display
set output-meta On
# none, visible or audible
set bell-style none
# All of the following map the escape sequence of the value
# contained in the 1st argument to the readline specific functions
"\eOd": backward-word
"\eOc": forward-word
# for linux console
"\e[1~": beginning-of-line
"\e[4~": end-of-line
"\e[5~": beginning-of-history
"\e[6~": end-of-history
"\e[3~": delete-char
"\e[2~": quoted-insert
# for xterm
"\eOH": beginning-of-line
"\eOF": end-of-line
# for Konsole
"\e[H": beginning-of-line
"\e[F": end-of-line
# End /etc/inputrc
EOF
cat > /etc/profile << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/profile
export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
# End /etc/profile
EOF
echo "HOSTNAME=LFS61" > /etc/sysconfig/network
cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/hosts (network card version)
127.0.0.1 localhost
10.10.10.8 LFS61
# End /etc/hosts (network card version)
EOF
for NIC in /sys/class/net/* ; do
INTERFACE=${NIC##*/} udevadm test --action=add $NIC
done
cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
cd /etc/sysconfig/network-devices
mkdir -v ifconfig.eth0
cat > ifconfig.eth0/ipv4 << "EOF"
ONBOOT=yes
SERVICE=ipv4-static
IP=10.10.10.8
GATEWAY=10.10.10.7
PREFIX=24
BROADCAST=10.10.0.255
EOF
cat > /etc/resolv.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/resolv.conf
domain gelin.com
nameserver 202.96.128.68
nameserver 202.96.128.166
# End /etc/resolv.conf
EOF
cat > /etc/fstab << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/fstab
# file system mount-point type options dump fsck
# order
/dev/sda3 / ext3 defaults 1 1
#/dev/<yyy> swap swap pri=1 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=4,mode=620 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
# End /etc/fstab
EOF
cat > /etc/bashrc << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/bashrc
# Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
# by James Robertson <jameswrobertson@earthlink.net>
# updated by Bruce Dubbs <bdubbs@linuxfromscratch.org>
# System wide aliases and functions.
# System wide environment variables and startup programs should go into
# /etc/profile. Personal environment variables and startup programs
# should go into ~/.bash_profile. Personal aliases and functions should
# go into ~/.bashrc
# Provides a colored /bin/ls command. Used in conjunction with code in
# /etc/profile.
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
# Provides prompt for non-login shells, specifically shells started
# in the X environment. [Review the LFS archive thread titled
# PS1 Environment Variable for a great case study behind this script
# addendum.]
NORMAL="\[\e"
GRAY="\[\e"
GREEN="\[\e"
if [[ $EUID == 0 ]] ; then
PS1="$GRAY[\u@\h $NORMAL\w$GRAY]# $NORMAL"
else
PS1="$GREEN[\u@\h $NORMAL\w$GREEN]\$ $NORMAL"
fi
# End /etc/bashrc
EOF
cat .bash_profile
source ~/.bashrc
# cat .bashrc
# Begin ~/.bashrc
# Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
# by James Robertson <jameswrobertson@earthlink.net>
# Personal aliases and functions.
# Personal environment variables and startup programs should go in
# ~/.bash_profile. System wide environment variables and startup
# programs are in /etc/profile. System wide aliases and functions are
# in /etc/bashrc.
if [ -f "/etc/bashrc" ] ; then
source /etc/bashrc
fi
alias ll='ls -l'
alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'
# End ~/.bashrc
編譯安裝hdparm
cd /mnt/lfs/sources/
wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/hdparm/hdparm-9.6.tar.gz
make
make binprefix=/usr install
編譯內核
內核編譯，我是利用了ubuntu9的最新內核配置文件，在此基礎上精簡編譯的。關於內核的裁減和優化編譯，這又是另外一個課題了，有興趣的朋友，可以一起探討
安裝grub
由於我的系統引導，是利用ubuntu安裝的grub，所以這次我就沒再安裝grub了，關於grub的安裝，請參考LFS6.3等類似手冊，這裡不再多說了。
退出chroot環境
logout
卸載虛擬文件系統
umount -v $LFS/dev/pts
umount -v $LFS/dev/shm
umount -v $LFS/dev
umount -v $LFS/proc
umount -v $LFS/sys
如果掛載了其他分區，要先卸載他們，再卸載LFS文件系統本身
umount -v $LFS/usr
umount -v $LFS/home
umount -v $LFS
最後卸載LFS文件系統本身
umount -v $LFS
重啟系統
shutdown -r now
《解決方案》
下面進入BLFS的課題，接下來的工作，可以根據自己的需求，編譯一些軟體包。我需要遠程配置，所以先安裝openSSH，而openSSH依賴於openssl，所以先弄上她，呵呵。
安裝openssl-0.9.8k
http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/cvs/postlfs/openssl.html
http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-0.9.8k.tar.gz
http://anduin.linuxfromscratch.org/files/BLFS/BLFS-ca-bundle-20090409.tar.bz2
http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/patches/blfs/svn/openssl-0.9.8k-fix_manpages-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i ../openssl-0.9.8k-fix_manpages-1.patch
tar -vxf ../BLFS-ca-bundle-20090409.tar.bz2
./config --prefix=/usr --openssldir=/etc/ssl shared zlib-dynamic
make
make MANDIR=/usr/share/man install
cp -v -r certs /etc/ssl
install -v -d -m755 /usr/share/doc/openssl-0.9.8k
cp -v -r doc/{HOWTO,README,*.{txt,html,gif}} \
/usr/share/doc/openssl-0.9.8k
for pem in /etc/ssl/certs/*.pem
do
cat $pem
echo ""
done > /etc/ssl/ca-bundle.crt
openssh
http://sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/OpenBSD/OpenSSH/portable/openssh-5.1p1.tar.gz
install -v -m700 -d /var/lib/sshd
chown -v root:sys /var/lib/sshd
groupadd -g 50 sshd
useradd -c 'sshd PrivSep' -d /var/lib/sshd -g sshd \
-s /bin/false -u 50 sshd
sed -i 's@-lcrypto@/usr/lib/libcrypto.a -ldl@' configure
./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc/ssh --datadir=/usr/share/sshd \
--libexecdir=/usr/lib/openssh --with-md5-passwords \
--with-privsep-path=/var/lib/sshd
make
make tests 2>&1 | tee check.log
grep FATAL check.log
make install
install -v -m755 -d /usr/share/doc/openssh-5.1p1
install -v -m644 INSTALL LICENCE OVERVIEW README* WARNING.RNG \
/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.1p1
echo "PermitRootLogin yes" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed 's@d/login@d/sshd@g' /etc/pam.d/login > /etc/pam.d/sshd
chmod 644 /etc/pam.d/sshd
http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/downloads/svn/blfs-bootscripts-20090302.tar.bz2
make install-sshd
root:/sources/blfs-bootscripts-20090302# make install-sshd
install -d -m 755 /etc/rc.d/rc{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,sysinit}.d
install -d -m 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d
install -d -m 755 /etc/sysconfig
install -m 754 blfs/init.d/sshd /etc/rc.d/init.d/
ln -sf ../init.d/sshd /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K30sshd
ln -sf ../init.d/sshd /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/K30sshd
ln -sf ../init.d/sshd /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/K30sshd
ln -sf ../init.d/sshd /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S30sshd
ln -sf ../init.d/sshd /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/S30sshd
ln -sf ../init.d/sshd /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S30sshd
ln -sf ../init.d/sshd /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/K30sshd
安裝unzip
http://downloads.sourceforge.net/infozip/unzip552.tar.gz
http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/patches/blfs/svn/unzip-5.52-security_fix-1.patch
http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/patches/blfs/svn/unzip-5.52-security_fix-2.patch
tar -xvf unzip552.tar.gz
cd unzip552/
patch -Np1 -i ../unzip-5.52-security_fix-1.patch
patch -Np1 -i ../unzip-5.52-security_fix-2.patch
make -f unix/Makefile LOCAL_UNZIP=-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 linux
make prefix=/usr install
安裝wget
http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/cvs/basicnet/wget.html
http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/wget/wget-1.11.4.tar.bz2
./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc
make
make install
install-info --info-dir=/usr/share/info /usr/share/info/wget.info
《解決方案》
最後，進入我們的應用階段——編譯安裝nginx和fast-cgi，打造一個高性能的php運行環境（相同配置，比apache效率至少高3倍以上，這是我的測試結論，希望大家有興趣的做完之後，也來測試測試。）
安裝ngnix
先備份lfs基本系統
tar --exclude=/sources --exclude=/proc --exclude=/sys \
--create --absolute-names --preserve-permissions --bzip2 \
--verbose --totals \
--file /sources/lfs-stage4.$(date +%Y%m%d%s).tar.bz2 /
cd /sources
mkdir lnmp
一、下載軟體
cat > soft-list << "EOF"
http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.59.tar.gz
http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.9.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
http://www.libgd.org/releases/gd-2.0.35.tar.bz2
ftp://xmlsoft.org/libxml2/libxml2-2.6.32.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.simplesystems.org/pub/libpng/png/src/libpng-1.2.37.tar.bz2
http://ftp.twaren.net/Unix/NonGNU/freetype/freetype-2.3.9.tar.gz
http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.33.zip/from/http://mysql.mirror.redwire.net/
http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0
http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0
http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0
ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.8.tar.gz
http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.2.2.tgz
EOF
wget -N -r -nd -P . -i soft-list -o wget.lnmp.log
二、安裝PHP 5.2.8（FastCGI模式）
1、編譯安裝PHP 5.2.8所需的支持庫：
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../
tar -zxvf freetype-2.3.9.tar.gz
cd freetype-2.3.9/
./configure --prefix=/opt/lnmp/freetype2
make
make install
cd ../
tar -jxvf libpng-1.2.37.tar.bz2
cd libpng-1.2.37/
./configure --prefix=/opt/lnmp/libpng
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
cd jpeg-6b/
./configure --enable-static --enable-shared --prefix=/opt/lnmp/jpeg-6b
mkdir -pv /opt/lnmp/jpeg-6b/include
mkdir -pv /opt/lnmp/jpeg-6b/lib
mkdir -pv /opt/lnmp/jpeg-6b/bin/
mkdir -pv /opt/lnmp/jpeg-6b/man/man1
make
make install
make install-lib
cd ../
tar -zxvf libxml2-2.7.3.tar.gz
cd libxml2-2.7.3
./configure --prefix=/opt/lnmp/libxml
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure --with-libmcrypt-prefix=/usr/local/
make
make install
cd ../
tar -jxvf gd-2.0.35.tar.bz2
cd gd-2.0.35
./configure --prefix=/opt/lnmp/gd2 --with-jpeg=/opt/lnmp/jpeg-6b --with-png=/opt/lnmp/libpng --with-freetype=/opt/lnmp/freetype2
make
make報錯
說缺少png.h
在Makefile裡面，CPPFLAGS最後，加上-I/opt/lnmp/libpng/include
CPPFLAGS = -I/opt/lnmp/freetype2/include/freetype2 -I/opt/lnmp/freetype2/include -I/opt/lnmp/freetype2/include -I/opt/lnmp/jpeg-6b/include -I/opt/lnmp/libpng/include
再make
make install
cd ../
2、編譯安裝MySQL 5.1.33
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
unzip mysql-5.1.33.zip
cd mysql-5.1.33/
./configure --prefix=/opt/lnmp/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=innobase
make && make install
chmod +w /opt/lnmp/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/lnmp/mysql
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /opt/lnmp/mysql/my.cnf
cd ../
①、以mysql用戶帳號的身份建立數據表：
/opt/lnmp/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/opt/lnmp/mysql --datadir=/opt/lnmp/mysql/data --user=mysql
②、啟動MySQL（最後的&表示在後台運行）
/opt/lnmp/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/opt/lnmp/mysql/my.cnf &
注！！
MySQL編譯安裝，初始化資料庫的時候出現：
unknown option '--skip-federated' 錯誤。
#vi /etc/my.cnf
#skip-federated 將此行註釋掉
即可。
或者編譯的時候加上如下參數：
--with-plugins=all
3、編譯安裝PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.9.tar.gz
cd php-5.2.9/
./configure --prefix=/opt/lnmp/php --with-config-file-path=/opt/lnmp/php/etc --with-mysql=/opt/lnmp/mysql --with-mysqli=/opt/lnmp/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir=/opt/lnmp/freetype2 --with-jpeg-dir=/opt/lnmp/jpeg-6b --with-png-dir=/opt/lnmp/libpng --with-zlib-dir=/usr --with-gd=/opt/lnmp/gd2 --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --with-mcrypt --with-libxml-dir=/opt/lnmp/libxml --with-xmlrpc --enable-ftp --enable-sockets --enable-mbstring=all --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-force-cgi-redirect
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /opt/lnmp/php/etc/php.ini
cd ext/gd
./configure --with-jpeg-dir=/opt/lnmp/jpeg-6b/ --with-png-dir=/opt/lnmp/libpng/ --with-zlib-dir --with-ttf --with-freetype-dir=/opt/lnmp/freetype2/ --with-php-config=/opt/lnmp/php/bin/php-config
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4、編譯安裝PHP5擴展模塊
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/opt/lnmp/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/opt/lnmp/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/
/opt/lnmp/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/opt/lnmp/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/opt/lnmp/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/opt/lnmp/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/opt/lnmp/mysql
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure --prefix=/opt/lnmp/imagemagick
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf imagick-2.2.2.tgz
cd imagick-2.2.2/
/opt/lnmp/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-imagick=/opt/lnmp/imagemagick --with-php-config=/opt/lnmp/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
5、修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/opt/lnmp/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改為extension_dir = "/opt/lnmp/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
並在此行后增加以下幾行，然後保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
extension = "imagick.so"
extension = "gd.so"
再查找output_buffering = Off
修改為output_buffering = On
6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：
mkdir -p /opt/lnmp/eaccelerator_cache
vi /opt/lnmp/php/etc/php.ini
按shift+g鍵跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：
引用
zend_extension="/opt/lnmp/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="128"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/opt/lnmp/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
修改配置文件：
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
輸入以下內容：
引用
kernel.shmmax = 134217728
kernel.shmmax = 134217728
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
然後執行以下命令使配置生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7、創建www用戶和組，以及供222.222.222.222和www.test.com兩個虛擬主機使用的目錄：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /opt/webroot/mypic
chmod +w /opt/webroot/mypic
chown -R www:www /opt/webroot/mypic
mkdir -p /opt/webroot/www
chmod +w /opt/webroot/www
chown -R www:www /opt/webroot/www
三、安裝Nginx 0.7.59
1、安裝Nginx所需的pcre庫：
tar zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.8/
./configure --prefix=/opt/lnmp/pcre
make && make install
cd ../
2、安裝Nginx
cp -R /sources/lnmp/pcre-7.8 /opt/lnmp/pcre-7.8
tar -zxvf nginx-0.7.59.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.59/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/opt/lnmp/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/opt/lnmp/pcre-7.8/
make && make install
cd ../
3、創建Nginx日誌目錄
mkdir -p /opt/webroot/logs
chmod +w /opt/webroot/logs
chown -R www:www /opt/webroot/logs
4、創建Nginx配置文件
①、在/opt/lnmp/nginx/conf/目錄中創建nginx.conf文件：
rm -f /opt/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /opt/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log /opt/webroot/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /opt/lnmp/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 51200;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#charset gb2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
server
{
listen 80;
server_name 222.222.222.222;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/webroot/mypic;
#limit_conn crawler 20;
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:10080;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
}
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 1h;
}
log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /opt/webroot/logs/access.log access;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name www.test.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/webroot/www;
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:10080;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
log_format wwwlogs '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
access_log /opt/webroot/logs/wwwlogs.log wwwlogs;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name status.test.com;
location / {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
}
}
wget http://www.lighttpd.net/download/spawn-fcgi-1.6.2.tar.gz
tar -zxf spawn-fcgi-1.6.2.tar.gz
cd spawn-fcgi-1.6.2/
./configure --prefix=/opt/lnmp/fastcgi
make && make install
啟動php-cgi進程，監聽127.0.0.1的10080埠，進程數為64（如果伺服器內存小於3GB，可以只開啟25個進程），用戶為www：
/opt/lnmp/fastcgi/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 10080 -C 64 -u www -f /opt/lnmp/php/bin/php-cgi
vi /opt/lnmp/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
5、啟動Nginx
ulimit -SHn 51200
/opt/lnmp/nginx/sbin/nginx
六、在不停止Nginx服務的情況下平滑變更Nginx配置
1、修改/opt/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，請執行以下命令檢查配置文件是否正確：
/opt/lnmp/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果屏幕顯示以下兩行信息，說明配置文件正確：
the configuration file /opt/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /opt/lnmp/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
2、這時，輸入以下命令查看Nginx主進程號：
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
屏幕顯示的即為Nginx主進程號，例如：
6302
這時，執行以下命令即可使修改過的Nginx配置文件生效：
kill -HUP 6302
或者無需這麼麻煩，找到Nginx的Pid文件：
kill -HUP `cat /opt/lnmp/nginx/nginx.pid`
將以下命令加入啟動腳本
ulimit -SHn 51200
/opt/lnmp/fastcgi/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 10080 -C 64 -u www -f /opt/lnmp/php/bin/php-cgi
/opt/lnmp/nginx/sbin/nginx
/sbin/sysctl -p
為了方便大家閱讀，一下附上筆記附件！
《解決方案》
由於是subversion的開發者版本，所以官方几乎每天都有更新
地址是http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/development/index.html
為了方便大家參考，我將SVN-20090601打包發上來了。
《解決方案》
:lol: 太好了。
《解決方案》
頂一下，辛苦
《解決方案》
即使是LFS編譯成功了,生產環境誰敢用啊
