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linux培訓日誌

←手機掃碼閱讀     火星人 @ 2014-03-24 , reply:0

1.RHEL4安裝
1.1)四種安裝方式:floppy,hard disk, cd-rom,PXE
上課時採用PXE安裝方式.
進BIOS--->高級設置--->第一個引導選NEWWORK
有三種方式支持NETWORK安裝:NFS,FTP,HTTP

NFS SITE NAME: 192.168.0.254
FTP SITE NAME: 192.168.0.254
NFS DIR : /var/ftp/pub/RHEL4
FTP DIR : /pub/RHEL4


採用定製安裝方式,在安裝過程中,注意要求,合理分區大小,
/ 500M
/usr 2G
/var 2G
/boot 100M
/swap 2xMEMORY
(在安裝過程中,可按CTRL+ALT+F2到字元模式下查內存,CTRL+ALT+F7則返回)

2.分區 fdisk (n,p,l,d,q,w,m)

[root@clone root]# fdisk /dev/sdb
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 17816.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)

新建3個分區
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
n 回車 +100M
n 回車 +100M
n 回車 +100M

t t參數,就是修改分區系統ID(有如下支持的ID)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Command (m for help): l
0 Empty 1b Hidden Win95 FA 64 Novell Netware bb Boot Wizard hid
1 FAT12 1c Hidden Win95 FA 65 Novell Netware c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 1e Hidden Win95 FA 70 DiskSecure Mult c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 24 NEC DOS 75 PC/IX c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32m 39 plan 9 80 old minix c7 syrinx
5 Extended 3c PartitionMagic 81 Minix / old Lin da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 40 Venix 80286 82 Linux swap db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 41 PPC PReP Boot 83 Linux de Dell Utility
8 AIX 42 SFS 84 OS/2 hidden C: df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4d QNX4.x 85 Linux extended e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 86 NTFS volume set e3 DOS R/O
b Win95 FAT32 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 87 NTFS volume set e4 SpeedStor
c Win95 FAT32 (LB 50 OnTrack DM 8e Linux LVM eb BeOS fs
e Win95 FAT16 (LB 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 93 Amoeba ee EFI GPT
f Win95 Ext'd (LB 52 CP/M 94 Amoeba BBT ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS f1 SpeedStor
11 Hidden FAT12 54 OnTrackDM6 a0 IBM Thinkpad hi f4 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 55 EZ-Drive a5 BSD/386 f2 DOS secondary
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 56 golden bow a6 openbsd fd linux raid auto
16 Hidden FAT16 5c Priam Edisk a7 NeXTSTEP fe LANstep
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 61 SpeedStor b7 BSDI fs ff BBT
18 AST SmartSleep 63 GNU HURD or Sys b8 BSDI swap
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.格式化 mkfs.ext3 (mkfs -t ext3)
3.1)mkfs可以格式化不同類型的文件系統.
[root@clone root]# mkfs.
mkfs.bfs mkfs.minix mkfs.reiserfs
mkfs.ext2 mkfs.msdos mkfs.vfat

3.2)在格式化時,注意inode與block的關係,一般情況下,inode是大於block;如果小於的話會導致很多block無法使用,有時候會有這種現象:
如果inode:block=1:2 ,那麼一個40G的硬碟,現在上新建20G的小文件(比如:1k),當文件容量超過20G時,提示空間不夠,.也就是說有很多(50%)block浪費. tune2fs -l /dev/sdb3查看相關inode與block信息.

3.3)在這種情況下,我們可指定為1:1
[root@clone root]# mkfs -t ext3 -b 1024 -i 1024 /dev/sdb3

4.掛載(另外也講述 /etc/fstab中的相關列的含義)
設備必須掛載才能訪問.
4.1) mount device dir
mount /dev/sdb3 /mp3 -o ro,noexec

4.2) mount label dir
先建卷標,然後掛載
e2label /dev/sdb3 /MP3
(參見:mke2fs -L /MP3 /dev/sdb3
tune2fs -L /MP3 /dev/sdb3 )
mount /MP3 /mp3

4.3) 在不umount的前提下掛載
mount /mp3 -o remount,ro,noexec

5.創建卷標
見4.2)

6.軟RAID配置(此處用三個分區模擬三個硬碟)
6.1)創建三個相同的分區
6.2)修改分區system ID (t參數)
6.3)配置RAIDCREATE MODE
Usage: mdadm --create device --chunk=X --level=Y --raid-devices=Z devices
RAID 0 :
mdadm --create /dev/md0 --levle=0 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdb[3-4]

RAID 1 :(利用率為1/2)
mdadm --create /dev/md0 --levle=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdb[3-4]

RAID 5 :(利用率為[n-1]/n)
mdadm --create /dev/md0 --levle=5 --raid-devices=3 /dev/sdb[3-5]


若在配置過程中出現錯誤,則可用 mdadm --stop /dev/md0 停用此設備
more /proc/mdstat 顯示RAID信息


7.X-windows相關知識點
>當x-client中某個窗口死掉,則可用xkill殺掉;
>當x-server死掉,則用ctrl+alt+backspace重建;
>alt+mouse(左鍵)移動窗口;
>DISPLAY是X的環境變數,若在文本方式下使用x-client,則必須導入 export DISPLAY
先在X下查DISPLAY的值,然後在文本方式下 export DISPLAY=:1.0
>xhost + 允許任何終端訪問伺服器;>xhost - 不允許任何終端訪問伺服器;
>凡遠程訪問時,tty均是 /dev/pts/x (x是隨機生成的);

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