Nginx替代apache實現高性能的Web環境

Nginx替代apache實現高性能的Web環境

Nginx介紹:
Nginx發音為，是由俄羅斯人Igor Sysoev建立的項目,基於BSD許可。
據說他當初是F5的成員之一，英文主頁：http://nginx.net。俄羅斯的一些大網站已經使用它超過兩年多了， 一直表現不凡,相信想了解nginx的朋友都讀過阿葉大哥的利用nginx實現負載均衡的文章相關鏈接見(六)。

測試環境:紅動中國(redocn)提供運營伺服器環境.

關於紅動服務環境:
紅動中國在早期利用apache環境，再加上一些優化的工作，一直是相對很穩定，但是最近由於網站發展，訪問量越來越大，在線人數一多經常出現，負載過高，性能急劇下降，經過雙木站長的同意，考慮是否能利用nginx來代替apache，經過長時間的觀察目前nginx工作很穩定，系統也不會再說現高負載的狀況，佔用內存也很低,訪問速率從用戶體驗來看明顯有提升.

關於紅動中國:
紅動中國（redocn)論壇經過近1年的快速發展，目前日均頁面訪問量超過100萬，位居全球設計論壇(中文)第1位，是國內最具影響力的設計論壇之一。目前論壇擁有近20萬會員，包括眾多設計界領軍人物在內的行業中堅力量、相關藝術院校師生以及部分設計愛好者等。

遷移目標:實現網站論壇靜態化，防盜鏈，下載併發數和速率限制,實現原站apache所具有的所有功能,將原apache環境下的站點全部遷移到Nginx

一.PHP(Fastcgi)編譯安裝
# cat in.sh./configure \

–prefix=/usr/local/php-fcgi \

–enable-fastcgi \

–enable-discard-path \

–enable-force-cgi-redirect \

–with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fcgi/etc \

–enable-zend-multibyte \

–with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \

–with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/libxml2 \

–with-gd=/usr/local/gd2 \

–with-jpeg-dir \

–with-png-dir \

–with-bz2 \

–with-freetype-dir \

–with-iconv-dir \

–with-zlib-dir \

–with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl \

–with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt \

–enable-sysvsem \

–enable-inline-optimization \

–enable-soap \

–enable-gd-native-ttf \

–enable-ftp \

–enable-mbstring \

–enable-exif \

–disable-debug \

–disable-ipv6


make

make install

cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php-fcgi/etc/php.ini
複製代碼注:關於如何安裝gd庫，mysql的編譯安裝，本文將不介紹，本文重點在於介紹nginx的安裝與配置，如想了解其它相關的問題可以到
LinuxPk去找相關的貼子(http://bbs.linuxpk.com)

二.Nginx編譯安裝
1.創建nginx運行用戶和虛擬主機目錄groupadd www -g 48

useradd -u 48 -g www www

mkdir -p /data/www/wwwroot

chown -R www:www /data/www/wwwroot
複製代碼2.安裝lighttpd中附帶的spawn-fcgi，用來啟動php-cgi
先編譯安裝lighttpd產生spawn-fcgi二進位文件.cd /usr/local/src/lighttpd-1.4.18
http://www.knowsky.com/
cp src/spawn-fcgi /usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/
複製代碼啟動php-cgi進程，監聽127.0.0.1的8085埠，進程數為250（如果伺服器內存小於3GB，可以只開啟25個進程），用戶為www：
/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 8085 -C 250 -u www -f /usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/php-cgi

3.nginx的安裝與配置
安裝Nginx所需的pcre庫：
http://ftp.dk.debian.org/exim/pcre/pcre-7.3.tar.gz tar zxvf pcre-7.2.tar.gz

cd pcre-7.2/

./configure

make && make install

cd ../


http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.5.32.tar.gz

tar zxvf nginx-0.5.32.tar.gz

cd nginx-0.5.32

./configure –user=www –group=www –prefix=/usr/local/nginx/ –with-http_stub_status_module –with-


openssl=/usr/local/openssl

make && make install
複製代碼此模塊非核心模塊，需要在編譯的時候手動添加編譯參數 –with-http_stub_status_module
配置nginx

三.Nginx主配置文件及PHP支持.

1.nginx.conf 主配置文件的配置
#cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
#cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.cao
#cat /dev/null > nginx.conf
#vi nginx.conf //主配置文件user www www;


worker_processes 10;


#error_log logs/error.log;

#error_log logs/error.log notice;

#error_log logs/error.log info;


pid /var/run/nginx.pid;


#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.

worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;


events

{

use epoll;


#maxclient = worker_processes * worker_connections / cpu_number

worker_connections 51200;

}


http

{

include conf/mime.types;

default_type application/octet-stream;


log_format main 『$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request 『

『"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" 『

『"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"』;


#access_log /data/www/logs/access.log main;

#sendfile on;

tcp_nopush on;

tcp_nodelay off;


keepalive_timeout 60;


client_header_timeout 3m;

client_body_timeout 3m;

send_timeout 3m;

connection_pool_size 256;

client_header_buffer_size 1k;

large_client_header_buffers 4 2k;

request_pool_size 4k;

output_buffers 4 32k;

postpone_output 1460;

client_max_body_size 10m;

client_body_buffer_size 256k;

client_body_temp_path /dev/shm/client_body_temp;

proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;

fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;


#gzip

gzip on;

gzip_http_version 1.0;

gzip_comp_level 2;

gzip_proxied any;

gzip_types text/plain text/html text/css application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml rss text/javascript;

gzip_min_length 1100;

gzip_buffers 4 8k;


# The following includes are specified for virtual hosts //以下是載入虛擬主機配置.

#www.redocn.com

include conf/vhosts/www_redocn_com.conf;

#bbs.redocn.com

include conf/vhosts/bbs_redocn_com.conf;

#blog.redocn.com

include conf/vhosts/blog_redocn_com.conf;

#down.redocn.com

include conf/vhosts/down_redocn_com.conf;

}
複製代碼2.配置支持Fastcgi模式的PHP
# cat enable_php5.conffastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8085;

fastcgi_index index.php;


fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1;

fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;

#new ac upload

#fastcgi_pass_request_body off;

#client_body_in_file_only clean;

#fastcgi_param REQUEST_BODY_FILE $request_body_file;

#


fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;

fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;

fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type;

fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;


fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri;

fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri;

fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root;

fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;


fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port;

fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr;

fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;

fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;


# PHP only, required if PHP was built with –enable-force-cgi-redirect

fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;
複製代碼四，多虛擬主機應用配置案例.

#mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts //建立虛擬主機配置存放目錄.
1.www.redocn.com //首站配置
#vi www_redocn_com.confserver

{

listen 80;

server_name www.redocn.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data/www/wwwroot;

error_page 404 http://bbs.redocn.com;

rewrite ^/bbs/(.*) http://bbs.redocn.com/$1;

location ~ .*\.php?$

{

include conf/enable_php5.conf;

}

}
複製代碼注: 關於rewite需求,紅動中國希望當用戶訪問http://www.redocn.com/bbs的時候自動轉至http://bbs.redocn.com
在原apache中利用redirect實現
Redirect /bbs http://bbs.redocn.com

本文中在nginx下利用rewrite實現:
rewrite ^/bbs/(.*) http://bbs.redocn.com/$1;
2. vi bbs_redocn_com.confserver

{

listen 80;

server_name bbs.redocn.com yan.redocn.com majia.redocn.com wt.redocn.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /home/www/htdocs/bbs;

access_log /var/log/nginx/access_bbs.redocn.com.log combined;

location / {

#bbs rewrite

rewrite ^/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-] \.html)$ /archiver/index.php?$1 last;

rewrite ^/forum-( )-( )\.html$ /forumdisplay.php?fid=$1&page=$2 last;

rewrite ^/thread-( )-( )-( )\.html$ /viewthread.php?tid=$1&extra=page\=$3&page=$2 last;

rewrite ^/space-(username|uid)-(. )\.html$ /space.php?$1=$2 last;

rewrite ^/tag-(. )\.html$ /tag.php?name=$1 last;

break;

#error

error_page 404 /index.php;

#redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;

location = /50x.html {

root html;

}

}

#Preventing hot linking of images and other file types

location ~* ^. \.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv|rar|zip)$ {

valid_referers none blocked server_names

*.redocn.com redocn.com *.taobao.com taobao.com

bbs.blueidea.com bbs.asiaci.com bbs.arting365.com forum.chinavisual.com softbbs.pconline.com.cn

bbs.chinaddu.com bbs.photops.com *.baidu.com *.google.com *.google.cn *.soso.com *.yahoo.com.cn

*.yahoo.cn;

if ($invalid_referer) {

rewrite ^/ http://www.redocn.com/images/redocn.gif;

#return 403;

}

}


#support php

location ~ .*\.php?$

{

include conf/enable_php5.conf;

}


}
複製代碼注:
1.紅動中國採用高性能的Discuz!論壇，原apache的rewrite規則幾乎不要做什麼修改即可全部移植到nginx下.
靜態化配置見面上面的:#bbs rewrite部分.
2.一般論壇都希望實現防盜鏈功能，在apache很輕鬆實現？在nginx下是否容易實現呢？答案是肯定的. #Preventing hot linking of images and other file types

valid_referers none blocked server_names *.redocn.com redocn.com …你允許連接的網址;

if ($invalid_referer) {

rewrite ^/ http://www.redocn.com/images/redocn.gif; //讓別人盜鏈時顯示你指定的圖片.

#return 403;

}
複製代碼3.blog.redocn.com
#vi blog_redocn_com.confserver

{

listen 80;

server_name blog.redocn.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data/www/wwwroot/blog;

error_page 404 http://bbs.redocn.com;

#supsite rewrite

rewrite ^( )/spacelist(.*)$ index.php?$1/action_spacelist$2;

rewrite ^( )/viewspace_(. )$ index.php?$1/action_viewspace_itemid_$2;

rewrite ^( )/viewbbs_(. )$ index.php?$1/action_viewbbs_tid_$2;

rewrite ^( )/(.*)$ index.php?$1/$2;

rewrite ^( )$ index.php?$1;

rewrite ^action_(. )$ index.php?action_$1;

rewrite ^category_(. )$ index.php?action_category_catid_$1;

rewrite ^itemlist_(. )$ index.php?action_itemlist_catid_$1;

rewrite ^viewnews_(. )$ index.php?action_viewnews_itemid_$1;

rewrite ^viewthread_(. )$ index.php?action_viewthread_tid_$1;

rewrite ^index([\.a-zA-Z0-9]*)$ index.php;

rewrite ^html/( )/viewnews_itemid_( )\.html$ index.php?action_viewnews_itemid_$2;



rewrite ^/( )/spacelist(. )$ /index.php?uid/$1/action/spacelist/type$2;

rewrite ^/( )/viewspace(. )$ /index.php?uid/$1/action/viewspace/itemid$2;

rewrite ^/( )/viewbbs(. )$ /index.php?uid/$1/action/viewbbs/tid$2;

rewrite ^/( )/(.*)$ /index.php?uid/$1/$2;

rewrite ^/( )$ /index.php?uid/$1;


rewrite ^/action(. )$ /index.php?action$1;

rewrite ^/category(. )$ /index.php?action/category/catid$1;

rewrite ^/viewnews(. )$ /index.php?action/viewnews/itemid$1;

rewrite ^/viewthread(. )$ /index.php?action/viewthread/tid$1;

rewrite ^/mygroup(. )$ /index.php?action/mygroup/gid$1;


location ~ .*\.php?$

{

include conf/enable_php5.conf;

}

}
複製代碼注:blog採用功能強大的Supesite作為Blog站點: http://www.supesite.com/
1.Blog如何在Nginx里實現靜態化，具體設置見，上面的#supesite rewrite

4.down.redocn.com
# vi down_redocn_com.conflimit_zone one $binary_remote_addr 10m;

server

{

listen 80;

server_name down.redocn.com;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data/www/wwwroot/down;

error_page 404 /index.php;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;

location = /50x.html {

root html;

}

#Zone limit

location / {

limit_conn one 1;

limit_rate 20k;

}



# serve static files

location ~ ^/(images|javascript|js|css|flash|media|static)/ {

root /data/www/wwwroot/down;

expires 30d;

}

}
複製代碼注:
由於現在的BT下載軟體越來越多了，我們如何限制下載的併發數和速率呢？apache需要三方模塊，nginx就不用了
在nginx利用兩個指令即可實現:limit_zone(limit_conn) 來限制併發數,limit_rate來限制下載的速率,請看上面的配置實例.

5.啟動nginx服務/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 8085 -C 250 -u www -f/usr/local/php-fcgi/bin/php-cgi

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
複製代碼你可以把上面兩條命令製做成系統啟動服務腳本，相關的腳本在網上也很多，本文就不再貼出來了,給出一個實例鏈接:
http://topfunky.net/svn/shovel/nginx/init.d/nginx

五.問題及經驗總結:
1.安裝Discuz論壇后，無法上傳大於M以上的附件？
在主配置文件里加入:client_max_body_size 10m; 詳細指令說明請參見(六)提供的Wiki鏈接.

2.Discuz附件無法下載附件?
最近遇到一個奇怪的問題在nginx下discuz論壇無法下載附件，後來打開error_log才知道，仍后一看/usr/local分區滿了,
清了一大堆無用文件后，馬上就正常了.

以上是本人遷移和測試過程中遇到的兩個小問題，在此附上說明，只是希望配置nginx的朋友不要犯我一樣的問題.

網上多的都爛掉的文了

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