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GCC 使用指南及gcc最佳編譯參數

←手機掃碼閱讀     火星人 @ 2014-03-12 , reply:0
  GCC 使用指南

使用語法:
gcc [ option | filename ]...
  g++ [ option | filename ]...

其中 option 為 gcc 使用時的選項(後面會再詳述),
  而 filename 為欲以 gcc 處理的文件

說明:
這 C 與 C++ 的 compiler 已將產生新程序的相關程序整合起來。產
生一個新的程序需要經過四個階段:預處理、編譯、彙編、連結,而這兩
個編譯器都能將輸入的文件做不同階段的處理。雖然原始程序的擴展名可
用來分辨編寫原始程序碼所用的語言,但不同的compiler,其預設的處理
程序卻各不相同:

gcc  預設經由預處理過(擴展名為.i)的文件為 C 語言,並於程式
      連結階段以 C 的連結方式處理。

g++  預設經由預處理過(擴展名為.i)的文件為 C++ 語言,並於程
序連結階段以 C++ 的連結方式處理。

原始程序碼的擴展名指出所用編寫程序所用的語言,以及相對應的處
理方法:

  .c  C 原始程序         ; 預處理、編譯、彙編
  .C  C++ 原始程序        ; 預處理、編譯、彙編
  .cc C++ 原始程序        ; 預處理、編譯、彙編
  .cxx C++ 原始程序        ; 預處理、編譯、彙編
  .m  Objective-C 原始程序    ; 預處理、編譯、彙編
  .i  已經過預處理之 C 原始程序  ; 編譯、彙編
  .ii 已經過預處理之 C++ 原始程序 ; 編譯、彙編
  .s  組合語言原始程序      ; 彙編
  .S  組合語言原始程序      ; 預處理、彙編
  .h  預處理文件(標頭文件)    ; (不常出現在指令行)

其他擴展名的文件是由連結程序來處理,通常有:
  .o  Object file
  .a  Archive file

除非編譯過程出現錯誤,否則 "連結" 一定是產生一個新程序的最
  後階段。然而你也可以以 -c、-s 或 -E 等選項,將整個過程自四
  個階段中的其中一個停止。在連結階段,所有與原始碼相對應的
  .o 文件、程序庫、和其他無法自文件名辨明屬性的文件(包括不以 .o
  為擴展名的 object file 以及擴展名為 .a 的 archive file)都會
  交由連結程序來處理(在指令行將那些文件當作連結程序的參數傳給
  連結程序)。

選項:

  不同的選項必須分開來下:例如 `-dr' 這個選項就與 `-d -r' 大
  不相同。
  絕大部份的 `-f' 及 `-W' 選項都有正反兩種形式:-fname 及
  -fno-name (或 -Wname 及 -Wno-name)。以下只列出非預設的那個
  形式。
  以下是所有選項的摘要。以形式來分類。選項的意義將另闢小節說
  明。

  一般性(概略、常用的)選項
       -c -S -E -o file -pipe -v -x language

  程序語言選項
       -ansi -fall-virtual -fcond-mismatch
       -fdollars-in-identifiers -fenum-int-equiv
       -fexternal-templates -fno-asm -fno-builtin
       -fno-strict-prototype -fsigned-bitfields
       -fsigned-char -fthis-is-variable
       -funsigned-bitfields -funsigned-char
       -fwritable-strings -traditional -traditional-cpp
       -trigraphs

  編譯時的警告選項
       -fsyntax-only -pedantic -pedantic-errors -w -W
       -Wall -Waggregate-return -Wcast-align -Wcast-qual
       -Wchar-subscript -Wcomment -Wconversion
       -Wenum-clash -Werror -Wformat -Wid-clash-len
       -Wimplicit -Winline -Wmissing-prototypes
       -Wmissing-declarations -Wnested-externs -Wno-import
       -Wparentheses -Wpointer-arith -Wredundant-decls
       -Wreturn-type -Wshadow -Wstrict-prototypes -Wswitch
       -Wtemplate-debugging -Wtraditional -Wtrigraphs
       -Wuninitialized -Wunused -Wwrite-strings

  除錯選項
       -a -dletters -fpretend-float -g -glevel -gcoff
       -gxcoff -gxcoff+ -gdwarf -gdwarf+ -gstabs -gstabs+
       -ggdb -p -pg -save-temps -print-file-name=library
       -print-libgcc-file-name -print-prog-name=program

 最佳化選項
       -fcaller-saves -fcse-follow-jumps -fcse-skip-blocks
       -fdelayed-branch -felide-constructors
       -fexpensive-optimizations -ffast-math -ffloat-store
       -fforce-addr -fforce-mem -finline-functions
       -fkeep-inline-functions -fmemoize-lookups
       -fno-default-inline -fno-defer-pop
       -fno-function-cse -fno-inline -fno-peephole
       -fomit-frame-pointer -frerun-cse-after-loop
       -fschedule-insns -fschedule-insns2
       -fstrength-reduce -fthread-jumps -funroll-all-loops
       -funroll-loops -O -O2

  預處理選項
       -Aassertion -C -dD -dM -dN -Dmacro[=defn] -E -H
       -idirafter dir -include file -imacros file -iprefix
       file -iwithprefix dir -M -MD -MM -MMD -nostdinc -P
       -Umacro -undef

  彙編程序選項
       -Wa,option
  連結程序選項
       -llibrary -nostartfiles -nostdlib -static -shared
       -symbolic -Xlinker option -Wl,option -u symbol

  目錄選項
       -Bprefix -Idir -I- -Ldir

 Target Options
       -b machine -V version

 與機器(平台)相關的選項
       M680x0 Options
       -m68000 -m68020 -m68020-40 -m68030 -m68040 -m68881
       -mbitfield -mc68000 -mc68020 -mfpa -mnobitfield
       -mrtd -mshort -msoft-float

VAX Options
       -mg -mgnu -munix

SPARC Options
       -mepilogue -mfpu -mhard-float -mno-fpu
       -mno-epilogue -msoft-float -msparclite -mv8
       -msupersparc -mcypress

Convex Options
       -margcount -mc1 -mc2 -mnoargcount

AMD29K Options
       -m29000 -m29050 -mbw -mdw -mkernel-registers
       -mlarge -mnbw -mnodw -msmall -mstack-check
       -muser-registers

M88K Options
       -m88000 -m88100 -m88110 -mbig-pic
       -mcheck-zero-division -mhandle-large-shift
       -midentify-revision -mno-check-zero-division
       -mno-ocs-debug-info -mno-ocs-frame-position
       -mno-optimize-arg-area -mno-serialize-volatile
       -mno-underscores -mocs-debug-info
       -mocs-frame-position -moptimize-arg-area
       -mserialize-volatile -mshort-data-num -msvr3 -msvr4
       -mtrap-large-shift -muse-div-instruction
       -mversion-03.00 -mwarn-passed-structs

  RS6000 Options
       -mfp-in-toc -mno-fop-in-toc

RT Options
       -mcall-lib-mul -mfp-arg-in-fpregs -mfp-arg-in-gregs
       -mfull-fp-blocks -mhc-struct-return -min-line-mul
       -mminimum-fp-blocks -mnohc-struct-return

MIPS Options
       -mcpu=cpu type -mips2 -mips3 -mint64 -mlong64
       -mlonglong128 -mmips-as -mgas -mrnames -mno-rnames
       -mgpopt -mno-gpopt -mstats -mno-stats -mmemcpy
       -mno-memcpy -mno-mips-tfile -mmips-tfile
       -msoft-float -mhard-float -mabicalls -mno-abicalls
       -mhalf-pic -mno-half-pic -G num -nocpp

i386 Options
       -m486 -mno-486 -msoft-float -mno-fp-ret-in-387

HPPA Options
       -mpa-risc-1-0 -mpa-risc-1-1 -mkernel -mshared-libs
       -mno-shared-libs -mlong-calls -mdisable-fpregs
       -mdisable-indexing -mtrailing-colon

  i960 Options
       -mcpu-type -mnumerics -msoft-float
       -mleaf-procedures -mno-leaf-procedures -mtail-call
       -mno-tail-call -mcomplex-addr -mno-complex-addr
       -mcode-align -mno-code-align -mic-compat
       -mic2.0-compat -mic3.0-compat -masm-compat
       -mintel-asm -mstrict-align -mno-strict-align
       -mold-align -mno-old-align

  DEC Alpha Options
       -mfp-regs -mno-fp-regs -mno-soft-float -msoft-float

  System V Options
       -G -Qy -Qn -YP,paths -Ym,dir

 Code Generation Options
       -fcall-saved-reg -fcall-used-reg -ffixed-reg
       -finhibit-size-directive -fnonnull-objects
       -fno-common -fno-ident -fno-gnu-linker
       -fpcc-struct-return -fpic -fPIC
       -freg-struct-returno -fshared-data -fshort-enums
       -fshort-double -fvolatile -fvolatile-global
       -fverbose-asm

PRAGMAS
  Two `#pragma' directives are supported for GNU C++, to
  permit using the same header file for two purposes: as a
  definition of interfaces to a given object class, and as
  the full definition of the contents of that object class.

  #pragma interface
       (C++ only.) Use this directive in header files
       that define object classes, to save space in most
       of the object files that use those classes. Nor-
       mally, local copies of certain information (backup
       copies of inline member functions, debugging infor-
       mation, and the internal tables that implement vir-
       tual functions) must be kept in each object file
       that includes class definitions. You can use this
       pragma to avoid such duplication. When a header
       file containing `#pragma interface' is included in
       a compilation, this auxiliary information will not
       be generated (unless the main input source file it-
       self uses `#pragma implementation'). Instead, the
       object files will contain references to be resolved
       at link time.

  #pragma implementation

  #pragma implementation "objects.h"
       (C++ only.) Use this pragma in a main input file,
       when you want full output from included header
       files to be generated (and made globally visible).
       The included header file, in turn, should use
       `#pragma interface'. Backup copies of inline mem-
       ber functions, debugging information, and the in-
       ternal tables used to implement virtual functions
       are all generated in implementation files.

       If you use `#pragma implementation' with no argu-
       ment, it applies to an include file with the same
       basename as your source file; for example, in
       `allclass.cc', `#pragma implementation' by itself
       is equivalent  to  `#pragma  implementation
       "allclass.h"'. Use the string argument if you want
       a single implementation file to include code from
       multiple header files.

       There is no way to split up the contents of a sin-
       gle header file into multiple implementation files.

文件說明
  file.c       C source file
  file.h       C header (preprocessor) file
  file.i       經預處理過的 C source file
  file.C       C++ source file
  file.cc      C++ source file
  file.cxx     C++ source file
  file.m       Objective-C source file
  file.s       assembly language file
  file.o       object file
  a.out       link edited output
  TMPDIR/cc*     temporary files
  LIBDIR/cpp     preprocessor
  LIBDIR/cc1     compiler for C
  LIBDIR/cc1plus   compiler for C++
  LIBDIR/collect   linker front end needed on some machines
  LIBDIR/libgcc.a  GCC subroutine library
  /lib/crt[01n].o  start-up routine
  LIBDIR/ccrt0  additional start-up routine for C++
  /lib/libc.a    standard C library, 參閱 man page intro(3)
  /usr/include  standard directory for #include files
  LIBDIR/include   standard gcc directory for #include files
  LIBDIR/g++-include additional g++ directory for #include

  LIBDIR is usually /usr/local/lib/machine/version.
  TMPDIR comes from the environment variable TMPDIR (default
  /usr/tmp if available, else /tmp).

gcc最佳編譯參數

摘要   本文著重介紹在不同的硬體環境下給GCC指定哪些參數才可以得到最佳的性能。   這篇文章是從一個名為Gentoo Linux的發行版的編程說明書裡面分離出來的,希望對大家編譯程序有幫助。

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
一、1.2版(gcc 2.9.x版)
i386 (Intel), do you really want to install gentoo on that? CHOST="i386-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=i386 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=i386 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
i486 (Intel), do you really want to install gentoo on that? CHOST="i486-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=i486 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=i486 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Pentium, Pentium MMX+, Celeron (Mendocino) (Intel) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Pentium Pro/II/III/4, Celeron (Coppermine), Celeron (Willamette?) (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=i686 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=i686 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Eden C3/Ezra (Via) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=i586 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=i586 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Quote : I did the original gentoo install using 1.2, with gcc 2.95 using -march=i586. i686 won't work.
K6 or beyond (AMD) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=k6 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=k6 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
(A Duron will report "Athlon" in its /proc/cpuinfo)
Athlon (AMD) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=k6 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=k6 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
For the following, i don't know of any flag that enhance performances..., do you ?
PowerPC CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Sparc CHOST="sparc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Sparc 64 CHOST="sparc64-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

二、1.4版(gcc 3.x版):
i386 (Intel), do you really want to install gentoo on that ? CHOST="i386-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=i386 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=i386 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
i486 (Intel), do you really want to install gentoo on that ? CHOST="i486-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=i486 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=i486 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Pentium 1 (Intel) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Pentium MMX (Intel) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium-mmx -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium-mmx -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Pentium PRO (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentiumpro -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentiumpro -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Pentium II (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Celeron (Mendocino), aka Celeron1 (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Pentium III (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Celeron (Coppermine) aka Celeron2 (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Celeron (Willamette?) (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Pentium 4 (Intel) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=pentium4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=pentium4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Eden C3/Ezra (Via) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=i586 -m3dnow -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=i586 -m3dnow -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
quote : the ezra doesn't have any special instructions that you could optimize for, just consider is a K6-3...basically a p2 with 3dnow
K6 (AMD) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=k6 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=k6 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
K6-2 (AMD) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=k6-2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=k6-2 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
K6-3 (AMD) CHOST="i586-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=k6-3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=k6-3 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Athlon (AMD) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=athlon -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Athlon-tbird, aka K7 (AMD) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=athlon-tbird -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-tbird -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Athlon-tbird XP (AMD) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=athlon-xp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-xp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Athlon 4(AMD) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=athlon-4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-4 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Athlon XP (AMD) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=athlon-xp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-xp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Athlon MP (AMD) CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-march=athlon-mp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-march=athlon-mp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
603 (PowerPC) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"
603e (PowerPC) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"
604 (PowerPC) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"
604e (PowerPC) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"
750 aka as G3 (PowerPC) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-mcpu=750 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" CXXFLAGS="-mcpu=750 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"
Note: do not use -march=
7400, aka G4 (PowerPC) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-mcpu=7400 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char -maltivec" CXXFLAGS="-mcpu=7400 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char -maltivec"
Note: do not use -march=
7450, aka G4 second generation (PowerPC) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-mcpu=7450 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char -maltivec" CXXFLAGS="-mcpu=7450 -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char -maltivec"
Note: do not use -march=
PowerPC (If you don't know which one) CHOST="powerpc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer -fsigned-char"
Sparc CHOST="sparc-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"
Sparc 64 CHOST="sparc64-unknown-linux-gnu" CFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer" CXXFLAGS="-O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"GCC 使用指南 GCC 使用指南 GCC 使用指南


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