作為一個輕量級的HTTP伺服器,Nginx與Apache相比,小巧而精緻:在性能上,它佔用很少的系統資源,能支持更多的併發連接,達到更高的訪問效率;在功能上,Nginx是優秀的代理伺服器和負載均衡伺服器;在安裝配置上,Nginx安裝簡單、配置靈活.LNMP環境是指Linux下搭建Nginx MySQL PHP.
Linux下Web伺服器架構之
源碼構建LNMP環境
1.構建的linux環境:
[root@junjie ~]# uname –a #查看Linux的環境Linux junjie
2.6.25.19 #1 SMP Mon Feb 20 17:25:04 CST 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux2.準備工作:
準備一:關閉firewall和SELinux(略)
準備二:構建本地yum伺服器(略)
準備三:下載以下軟體(我存放在linux的/root/lamp下)
libevent-2.0.18-stable.tar.gz mysql-5.0.95.tar.gz nginx-1.1.18.tar.gz php-5.4.0.tar.bz2 libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2 mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.bz2下載地址:
libevent :http://libevent.org/nginx : http://nginx.org/
Mysql http://www.mysql.com/ Php http://www.php.net/ http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcrypt/files/Libmcrypt/2.5.8/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2/download http://sourceforge.net/projects/mhash/files/mhash/0.9.9.9/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.bz2/download http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcrypt/files/MCrypt/2.6.8/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz/download準備四:構建編譯組環境
使用# yum grouplist all |less查看已安裝的組環境(紅色必選
)[root@junjie ~]# yum grouplist all |less
Legacy Software Development
X Software Development
Development Libraries
Development Tools
發現這裡沒有安裝Development Tools,使用下面命令安裝
[root@www ~]# yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
#安裝依賴包:
#nginx會有幾個依賴包,我們首先安裝依賴包,若安裝過程中報錯,可以跳過,不會影#響nginx的正常運行:
[root@junjie ~]# yum -y install zlib-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel
源碼構建LNMP環境
1.源碼安裝nginx:
#這裡我將下載的軟體存放到/root/lnmp目錄下 [root@junjie ~]# cd /root/lnmp/ [root@junjie lnmp]# ls libevent-2.0.18-stable.tar.gz mysql-5.0.95.tar.gz nginx-1.1.18.tar.gz php-5.4.0.tar.bz2 #查看libevent的版本,發現版本過低,現在安裝新的libevent[root@junjie lnmp]# ldconfig -v |grep libevent
libevent-1.1a.so.1 -> libevent-1.1a.so.1.0.2
#解壓libevent的程序文件,使用tar –zxvf,並使用-C指定解壓目錄,參數,z代表 #gzip(也就是後面的.gz文件)x代表解壓,v表示顯示詳細信息,-f使用檔案文件或設備 #(必選參數)(說明:一般一些額外的軟體安裝時經常將其放到/usr/src/目錄下)[root@junjie lnmp]# tar -zxvf libevent-2.0.18-stable.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@junjie lnmp]# cd /usr/src/ [root@junjie src]# ll #預編譯(執行源碼包下的configure),編譯(make),編譯安裝(make install)[root@junjie src]# cd libevent-2.0.18-stable/
[root@junjie libevent-2.0.18-stable]# ls
[root@junjie libevent-2.0.18-stable]# ./configure [root@junjie libevent-2.0.18-stable]# make [root@junjie libevent-2.0.18-stable]# make install[root@junjie libevent-2.0.18-stable]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/libevent.conf
/usr/local/lib[root@junjie libevent-2.0.18-stable]# ldconfig -v |grep libevent
libevent_pthreads-2.0.so.5 -> libevent_pthreads.so
libevent-2.0.so.5 -> libevent.solibevent_extra-2.0.so.5 -> libevent_extra.so
libevent_openssl-2.0.so.5 -> libevent_openssl.so
libevent_core-2.0.so.5 -> libevent_core.so
libevent-1.1a.so.1 -> libevent-1.1a.so.1.0.2
安裝nginx:
#首先解壓源碼包:[root@junjie libevent-2.0.18-stable]# cd /root/lnmp
[root@junjie lnmp]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.1.18.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
#進入源碼包目錄:[root@junjie lnmp]# cd /usr/src/nginx-1.1.18/
[root@junjie nginx-1.1.18]# ll #添加nginx系統組和用戶[root@junjie nginx-1.1.18]# groupadd -r nginx
[root@junjie nginx-1.1.18]# useradd -r -g nginx -s /bin/false -M nginx
#進行預編譯(配置):(各項配置說明略) [root@junjie nginx-1.1.18]# ./configure \> --prefix=/usr \
> --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
> --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
> --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
> --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
> --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid \
> --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
> --user=nginx \
> --group=nginx \
> --with-http_ssl_module \
> --with-http_flv_module \
> --with-http_stub_status_module \
> --with-http_gzip_static_module \
> --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \
> --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \
> --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \
>
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \> --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \
> --with-pcre #預編譯完成後就可以進行編譯和安裝: [root@junjie nginx-1.1.18]# make [root@junjie nginx-1.1.18]# make install #啟動測試,發現失敗,按下面方法創建目錄,再次啟動,查看運行埠信息,#nginx佔用TCP的80埠##pkill -9 nignx #關閉nginx
##/usr/sbin/nginx
#啟動nginx [root@junjie nginx-1.1.18]# nginxnginx: [emerg] mkdir() "/var/tmp/nginx/client/" failed (2: No such file or directory)
[root@junjie nginx-1.1.18]# mkdir -pv /var/tmp/nginx/client
mkdir: created directory `/var/tmp/nginx'
mkdir: created directory `/var/tmp/nginx/client'
[root@junjie nginx-1.1.18]# nginx[root@junjie nginx-1.1.18]# netstat -tupln |grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 16561/nginx: master
#為nginx提供一個啟動服務的腳本(請下載附件)[root@junjie nginx-1.1.18]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx (請下載附件)
[root@junjie nginx-1.1.18]# chmod x /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
#設置nginx開機啟動[root@junjie nginx-1.1.18]# chkconfig --add nginx
[root@junjie nginx-1.1.18]# chkconfig nginx on
[root@junjie nginx-1.1.18]# chkconfig --list nginx
nginx 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off #啟動nginx服務,查看nginx埠[root@junjie nginx-1.1.18]# service nginx stop
Stopping nginx: [ OK ]
[root@junjie nginx-1.1.18]# service nginx start
Starting nginx: [ OK ]
[root@junjie nginx-1.1.18]# service nginx restart
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Stopping nginx: [ OK ]
Starting nginx: [ OK ]
#配置nginx網頁文件,編輯網頁[root@junjie nginx-1.1.18]# ls /usr/html/
50x.html index.html[root@junjie nginx-1.1.18]# vim /usr/html/index.html
5
6
2.
源碼安裝mysql: [root@junjie ~]#cd /root/lnmp/ [root@junjie lnmp]# ls libevent-2.0.18-stable.tar.gz mysql-5.0.95.tar.gz nginx-1.1.18.tar.gz php-5.4.0.tar.bz2#解壓mysql的主程序文件,使用tar –zxvf,並使用-C指定解壓目錄
[root@junjie lnmp]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.0.95.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
#切換至/usr/src/的目錄下,並創建軟連接,便於訪問mysql文件 [root@junjie lnmp]# cd /usr/src/ [root@junjie src]# ll[root@junjie src]# ln -s mysql-5.0.95/ mysql
[root@junjie src]# ll [root@junjie src]# cd mysql #安裝mysql之前先做一些準備工作,安裝依賴包:顯示已經安裝了[root@junjie mysql]# yum -y install ncurses-devel
#創建MySQL用戶,-M不創建home目錄,-s指定shell為不登錄[root@junjie mysql]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
#進行預編譯(配置):(各項配置說明略) [root@junjie mysql]# ./configure \ > --prefix=/usr/local/mysql \ > --without-debug \ > --with-extra-charsets=utf8,gbk \ > --enable-assembler \ > --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static \ > --with-client-ldflags=-all-static \ > --with-unix-socket-path=/tmp/mysql.sock \ > --with-ssl #預編譯完成後就可以進行編譯和安裝: [root@junjie mysql]#make [root@junjie mysql]#make install #安裝完成後複製配置文件和啟動腳本,再給啟動腳本執行許可權:[root@junjie mysql]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[root@junjie mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@junjie mysql]# chmod x /etc/init.d/mysqld
#為所有的二進位可執行文件和動態鏈接庫文件做一個軟連接[root@junjie mysql]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
[root@junjie mysql]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql/lib* /usr/lib/
#初始化資料庫,更改MySQL安裝目錄和MySQL的資料庫目錄的屬主和屬組[root@junjie mysql]# mysql_install_db --user=mysql
[root@junjie mysql]# chown -R root.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
[root@junjie mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/var/
#啟動mysql,查看MySQL是否啟動成功,MySQL佔用TCP的3306埠[root@junjie mysql]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. [ OK ]
[root@junjie mysql]# netstat -tupln |grep 3306
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306
0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 14200/mysqld #通過mysql命令來連接mysql,測試mysql是否正常安裝,可以看出已安裝: [root@junjie mysql]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.0.95-log Source distributionCopyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
-------------------- | Database | --------------------| information_schema |
| mysql | | test | --------------------3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit Bye [root@junjie mysql]#3.源碼安裝PHP依賴程序包:
#安裝PHP前首先要安裝幾個源碼包依賴:libmcrypt mhash mcrypt
#這裡我將下載的包放到/root/php/目錄下,安裝過程中若出現錯誤,可以直接#跳過,這裡不會影響後續過程 [root@junjie ~]# cd /root/php/ [root@junjie php]# ls libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2 mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.bz2 #安裝libmcrypt依賴包:[root@junjie php]# tar -jxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2 -C /usr/src/
[root@junjie php]# cd /usr/src/libmcrypt-2.5.8/
[root@junjie libmcrypt-2.5.8]# ./configure [root@junjie libmcrypt-2.5.8]# make[root@junjie libmcrypt-2.5.8]# make install
[root@junjie ~]# cd /root/php/ [root@junjie php]# ls libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2 mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.bz2 #安裝mhash依賴包:[root@junjie php]# tar -jxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.bz2 -C /usr/src/
[root@junjie php]# cd /usr/src/mhash-0.9.9.9/
[root@junjie mhash-0.9.9.9]# ./configure
[root@junjie mhash-0.9.9.9]# make[root@junjie mhash-0.9.9.9]# make install
[root@junjie mhash-0.9.9.9]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.* /usr/lib/
[root@junjie mhash-0.9.9.9]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt* /usr/lib
[root@junjie ~]# cd /root/php/ [root@junjie php]# ls libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2 mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.bz2 #這兩個包安裝完成後要把動態鏈接庫做一個軟連接到/usr/lib,以為接下來的#mcrypt依賴於這兩個包,安裝mcrypt包:[root@junjie php]# tar -zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
[root@junjie php]# cd /usr/src/mcrypt-2.6.8/
[root@junjie mcrypt-2.6.8]# ./configure [root@junjie mcrypt-2.6.8]# make[root@junjie mcrypt-2.6.8]# make install
# 安裝其它依賴包,發現很多已經安裝,不影響後續過程:[root@junjie mcrypt-2.6.8]#yum –y install libxml2-devel curl-devel libpng-devel openldap-devel
4.源碼安裝PHP:
#使用nginx調用php的時候使用fpm的方式,在php 5.4中加入了對php-fpm #的支持,就不需要打補丁了.以下顯示安裝PHP過程:[root@junjie mcrypt-2.6.8]# cd /root/lnmp/
[root@junjie lnmp]# ls libevent-2.0.18-stable.tar.gz mysql-5.0.95.tar.gz nginx-1.1.18.tar.gz php-5.4.0.tar.bz2#解壓mysql的主程序文件,使用
tar –jxvf,並使用-C指定解壓目錄:[root@junjie lnmp]# tar -jxvf php-5.4.0.tar.bz2 -C /usr/src/
[root@junjie lnmp]# cd /usr/src/php-5.4.0/
[root@junjie php-5.4.0]# ls #進行預編譯(配置):(各項配置說明略)[root@junjie php-5.4.0]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql/ --with-zlib --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-fpm --enable-fastcgi --with-mcrypt --with-gd --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc -enable-zip --enable-soap
#預編譯完成後就可以進行編譯和安裝: [root@junjie php-5.4.0]# make && make install5.
使能nginx調度phphemysql: #置php和nginx能運行php網站, 首先為php創建配置文件:[root@junjie php-5.4.0]# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/php.ini
[root@junjie php-5.4.0]# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@junjie php-5.4.0]# ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/php /usr/bin/
#配置php-fpm,編輯php-fpm.conf,找到listen那一行,修改成如下內容:[root@junjie php-5.4.0]# vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
143 listen = /var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock
#創建php-fpm目錄,啟動php-fpm[root@junjie php-5.4.0]# mkdir /var/run/php-fpm
[root@junjie html]# cd /usr/local/php/sbin/ [root@junjie sbin]# ls php-fpm [root@junjie sbin]# ./php-fpm #然後配置nginx,編輯nginx配置文件[root@junjie sbin]# cd /usr/src/php-5.4.0/
[root@junjie php-5.4.0]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
#修改44行內容,增加index.php,添加index.php的首頁文件選項
44 index index.php index.html index.htm;#
添加46—52行 46 location ~ \.php$ { 47 fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock; 48 fastcgi_index index.php;49 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root/$fastcgi_script_name;
50 include fastcgi_params; 51 include fastcgi.conf; 52 } #修改完畢后保存退出重啟nginx:[root@junjie php-5.4.0]# service nginx restart
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Stopping nginx: [ OK ]
Starting nginx: [ OK ]
6.
測試LNMP環境: #增加網頁測試文件:編輯nginx的配置文件使識別index.php文件 [root@junjie php-5.4.0]# cd /usr/html/ [root@junjie html]# ll#測試nginx與PHP的連接:#測試成功
[root@junjie html]# vim index.php --xjzhujunjie --2012/04/08 <?php phpinfo(); ?>#測試nginx與mysql的連接:#
測試成功[root@junjie html]# vim /usr/html/index.php
--xjzhujunjie --2012/04/08 <?php $link=mysql_connect('127.0.0.1','root',''); if($link)echo "scuess";
elseecho "fail";
?> #停止mysql服務,nginx調用mysql失敗 [root@junjie html]# service mysqld stopShutting down MySQL.. [ OK ]
#測試成功《完》
至此源碼構建LNMP環境成功!!!
附件:nginx啟動腳本:
#nginx啟動腳本
#vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/sh
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
make_dirs() {
# make required directories
user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
for opt in $options; do
if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
# echo "creating" $value
mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
fi
fi
done
}
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
make_dirs
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
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[火星人 ] LNMP源碼構建已經有730次圍觀