basic command ls: ls ls ?a 「顯示隱藏文件」 ls ?l 「顯示文件屬性，包括大小，日期，符號連接，是否可讀寫及是否可執行」 ls --color=never *.so > obj 「不顯示文字顏色,將所有so文件記錄到obj文件中」 cd: cd cd / cd ../ 「到上一級目錄」 cd ../.. 「到上二級目錄」 cd ~ 「goto user directory」 rm: rm rm -fr directory 「delete the directory without ask」 cp: cp source target cp ?av soure_dir target_dir 「將整個目錄複製，兩目錄完全一樣」 cp ?fr source_dir target_dir 「將整個目錄複製，並且是以非鏈接方式複製，當so urce目錄帶有符號鏈接時，兩個目錄不相同」 mv: mv source target
diff: diff dir1 dir2 「compare dir1 and dir2, if files in dir1 but not in dir2, it will be list」 diff file1 file2 「compare file1 and file2,if any difference, he will tell y ou」 comm: comm file1 file2 「compare file and file2, if any difference, the difference will be list」 echo: echo message 「display some characters in the console」 cat: cat file 「display the file』s content in the console」 export: export LC_ALL= 「define variable LC_ALL is NULL」 export DISPLAY=0:0 「define variable DISPLAY is 0:0」 date: date 「list the time」 find: find -name path file 「find file in the path」 grep: grep -ir 「chars」 path 「find chars in the path」 vi:
vi file 「file edit tools 「 lynx: lynx "text base browser" man: man command "help command" startx: startx 「run GUI system」 reboot: reboot 「reboot computer」 halt: halt 「shutdown computer」 init: init 0 "shut down all service" init 1 "restart all service" init 6 "reboot script" advance command tar: tar xfzv file.tgz 「uncompress file.tgz in the current directory」 tar xfzv file.tgz -C target_path 「uncompress file.tgz in the appoint direct ory」 tar cfzv file.tgz source_path 「compress appoint file to appoint tar ball」 gzip:
gzip -d source target " compress file" unzip: unzip source "un compress file" dmesg: dmesg "show kernel booting information" uname: uname -R " show kernel version" more: ls | more " 分頁顯示 information" strings: strings file "list file chars" less: less 「list file chars,分頁顯示」 rpm: rpm -i program.rpm "install program" rpm2targz: rpm2targz program.rpm program.tgz " reforamt rmp to tar ball" su: su root " su user to root" suloin: sulogin /dev/tty4 "waiting login in tty4" chmod:
chmod a+x file " let file can be excute" chmod 666 file " let file can be write " mknod: mknod /dev/hda1 b 3 1 " make a block device " mknod /dev/tty1 c 4 1 " make a chare device " touch: touch /tmp/running " touch a file " sleep: sleep 9 " console sleep 9 seconds" lpd: lpd stop lpd start lpd restart "restart printer service" lpr: lpr file.txt "print a file ot printer" zhprint: zhpinrt -gb file.txt "print a chinese file to printer" disk command fdisk fdisk /dev/hda "creat or delete disk partition" cfdisk cfdisk /dev/hda "creat or delete disk partition"
mount: mount -t ext2 /dev/hda1 /mnt 「把/dev/hda1裝載到 /mnt目錄」 mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt mount-t smb //192.168.1.5/sharedir /mnt -o username=id,password=id mount -t nfs 192.168.1.1:/sharedir /mnt umount: umount /mnt 「umount /mnt directory」 umount /dev/hda1 「umount device /dev/hda1」 sync: sync "write all cache into disk" e2fsck: e2fsck /dev/hda1 "check disk" e2fsck -p "check and automatic repair disk" e2fsck -y "check and Assume "yes" to all questions" e2fsck -c "Check disk bad blocks" mkfs: mkfs /dev/hda1 "format pratitionk" mkswap: mfks /dev/hda9 "format a swap partition" swapon: swapon /dev/hda9 "use a swap partition" swapoff:
swapoff /dev/hda9 " close a swap partion" lilo: lilo "/etc/lilo.config is needed" lilo -C lilo.conf "configure disk boot loader" rdev: rdev bzImage "show root file system" rdev bzImage /dev/hda1 "define /dev/hda1 as root file system" df: df "show mounted partition use information" dd: dd if=root.ram of=/dev/ram0 dd if=/dev/fd0 of=root.ram dd if=/dev/zero of=root.ram bs=1024,count=1024 who: who "show logined user" whoami: whoami "show who am I" whereis: whereis command "show where is the command" programer command gcc:
gcc hello.c 「compile hello.c,default is a dynamic program」 gcc hello.c -o hello 「compile hello.c and out put file as hello」 gcc -static -o hello hello.c 「compile a static program」 strace: strace netscape "trace and list all open/write file by netscape program" ps: ps ps ?ef "show running program pid" kill: kill -9 500 "kill PID 500" killall: killall -9 netscape "kill program netscape" top: top "show system cpu and memory use information" free: free "show free memory" time: time program "calculate program run time" configure command ifconfig: ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 「define first Ethernet』s IP is 192.168.1.1」 ifconfig down eth1 「disable seconde Ethernet」
hostname: hostname -F id.com 「define hostname is id.com」 route: route del default 「delete default router」 route add default gw 192.168.1.1 metric 1 「add 192.168.1.1 as a default rou te」 adduser: adduser id "add a new user" userdel: userdel id "delete user id" userlist: userlist "list logined user" passwd: passwd id "change id's login password" passwd -d id "delete id's login password" chown: chown id /work "let the /work to be id's directory" probe: probe rtl8139 "veriry driver" lsmod: lsmod "list already install driver" insmod:
